Biology 1110 Exam 2 Study Questions With
Complete Solutions
What is kinetic energy? - ANSWER energy of relative motion
What is potential energy? - ANSWER energy an object possesses due to location or spatial
arrangement (stored energy)
What is an example of potential energy? - ANSWER Chemical energy
What is the 1st law of conservation? - ANSWER energy cannot be created or destroyed, but it
can only be changed from one form to another
What is the 2nd law of conservation? - ANSWER energy cannot be changed from one form to
another wihtout a loss of usable energy
What three things do we use ATP for? - ANSWER Mechanical work (movement), chemical
work (reactions such as the synthesis of polymers, and transport work (pumping substances
across membranes
Where are the high energy bonds in ATP? - ANSWER between the 3 phosphates
,Once ATP is used, what are we left with? - ANSWER ADP
How do we get back to ATP? - ANSWER ATP goes in, releases energy, ADP exits and will travel
to the mitochondria where cellular respiration occurs and ATP is converted back
What does the term coupled reaction mean? - ANSWER Energy required by 1 process is
supplied by another process
How do enzymes work? - ANSWER they are specific to their substrate, when they bind to their
substrate they make it unstable, once unstable they rearrange chemical bonds
How are enzymes inhibited? - ANSWER decrease substrate, feedback inhibition, competitive
inhibition (blocks the action site), and non-competitive inhibition (changes the shape of the
active site so the substrate cant bind)
What function do phospholipids supply? - ANSWER main component of the membrane,
similar in structure to fats
What function does cholesterol supply? - ANSWER wedged between phosopholipids,
stabilizes position of phospholipids, and maintain optimum fluidity at different temperatures
What is the function of protein? - ANSWER transport, enzymatic activity, signal transduction,
cell-cell recognition, intercellular joining and attachment of the cytoskeleton to the ECM
, What are the plasma membrane malfunctions and applications? - ANSWER organisms may
acquire changes to the structure of their cell membrane via evolutionary adaptation, changes
in structure results in change in properties
What does selectively permeable mean? - ANSWER it allows some substances to cross more
easily than others, small molecules and ions can freely cross the membrane in both directions,
larger molecules or hydrophilic molecules cannot pass freely
What is diffusion? - ANSWER molecules move along a concentration gradient in order to
reach equilibrium (high to low)
What is facilitated diffusion? - ANSWER the diffusion of molecules across the membrane with
help of transport proteins (channel or carrier proteins)
What is osmosis? - ANSWER the movement of water molecules across a selectively permeable
membrane
When does osmosis take place? - ANSWER takes place when the solute molecules are to large
to pass through the membrane
What is a hypertonic solution? - ANSWER this solution has more solute relative to what is is
being compared to. This means it has LESS water relateive to what it is being compared to
Complete Solutions
What is kinetic energy? - ANSWER energy of relative motion
What is potential energy? - ANSWER energy an object possesses due to location or spatial
arrangement (stored energy)
What is an example of potential energy? - ANSWER Chemical energy
What is the 1st law of conservation? - ANSWER energy cannot be created or destroyed, but it
can only be changed from one form to another
What is the 2nd law of conservation? - ANSWER energy cannot be changed from one form to
another wihtout a loss of usable energy
What three things do we use ATP for? - ANSWER Mechanical work (movement), chemical
work (reactions such as the synthesis of polymers, and transport work (pumping substances
across membranes
Where are the high energy bonds in ATP? - ANSWER between the 3 phosphates
,Once ATP is used, what are we left with? - ANSWER ADP
How do we get back to ATP? - ANSWER ATP goes in, releases energy, ADP exits and will travel
to the mitochondria where cellular respiration occurs and ATP is converted back
What does the term coupled reaction mean? - ANSWER Energy required by 1 process is
supplied by another process
How do enzymes work? - ANSWER they are specific to their substrate, when they bind to their
substrate they make it unstable, once unstable they rearrange chemical bonds
How are enzymes inhibited? - ANSWER decrease substrate, feedback inhibition, competitive
inhibition (blocks the action site), and non-competitive inhibition (changes the shape of the
active site so the substrate cant bind)
What function do phospholipids supply? - ANSWER main component of the membrane,
similar in structure to fats
What function does cholesterol supply? - ANSWER wedged between phosopholipids,
stabilizes position of phospholipids, and maintain optimum fluidity at different temperatures
What is the function of protein? - ANSWER transport, enzymatic activity, signal transduction,
cell-cell recognition, intercellular joining and attachment of the cytoskeleton to the ECM
, What are the plasma membrane malfunctions and applications? - ANSWER organisms may
acquire changes to the structure of their cell membrane via evolutionary adaptation, changes
in structure results in change in properties
What does selectively permeable mean? - ANSWER it allows some substances to cross more
easily than others, small molecules and ions can freely cross the membrane in both directions,
larger molecules or hydrophilic molecules cannot pass freely
What is diffusion? - ANSWER molecules move along a concentration gradient in order to
reach equilibrium (high to low)
What is facilitated diffusion? - ANSWER the diffusion of molecules across the membrane with
help of transport proteins (channel or carrier proteins)
What is osmosis? - ANSWER the movement of water molecules across a selectively permeable
membrane
When does osmosis take place? - ANSWER takes place when the solute molecules are to large
to pass through the membrane
What is a hypertonic solution? - ANSWER this solution has more solute relative to what is is
being compared to. This means it has LESS water relateive to what it is being compared to
