BIO 105 BAINES EXAM 1 ACTUAL TEST QUESTIONS WITH ACCURATE SOLUTIONS
1st law of thermodynamics
Energy can be changed but not created or destroyed
How much energy is passed from one trophic level to the next?
about 10%
2nd law of thermodynamics
Energy cannot be changed from one form to another without a loss of usable energy
Biological magnification
increasing concentration of a harmful substance in organisms at higher trophic levels in a
food chain or food web
Mass number
the sum of the number of neutrons and protons in an atomic nucleus
Atomic number
the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
,Electrons
negatively charged subatomic particles
Found in orbitals on election shells
1st shell has 2 any additional have up to 8
Valence electrons
electrons in the outermost shell
Covalent bond
A chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons between atoms in a molecule
Polar covalent bond
A covalent bond in which electrons are not shared equally, resulting in negative and
positive charges on atoms. The one with more electrons becomes negatively charged
Non polar covalent bond
equal sharing of electrons, no charges on atoms
, Ionic bond
Electrons transferred from one to another, results in + and - charged atoms (ions)
Attraction among opposite charged ions is an ionic bond
Cation
A positively charged ion
Anion
A negatively charged ion
Water and hydrogen bonding
-forms between the oxygen and hydrogen in separate water molecules
-weaker than covalent and ionic bonds, but play an important role in water and other polar
molecules
Properties of water
-cohesion
-surface tension
-density
-solvent properties
-adhesion
1st law of thermodynamics
Energy can be changed but not created or destroyed
How much energy is passed from one trophic level to the next?
about 10%
2nd law of thermodynamics
Energy cannot be changed from one form to another without a loss of usable energy
Biological magnification
increasing concentration of a harmful substance in organisms at higher trophic levels in a
food chain or food web
Mass number
the sum of the number of neutrons and protons in an atomic nucleus
Atomic number
the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
,Electrons
negatively charged subatomic particles
Found in orbitals on election shells
1st shell has 2 any additional have up to 8
Valence electrons
electrons in the outermost shell
Covalent bond
A chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons between atoms in a molecule
Polar covalent bond
A covalent bond in which electrons are not shared equally, resulting in negative and
positive charges on atoms. The one with more electrons becomes negatively charged
Non polar covalent bond
equal sharing of electrons, no charges on atoms
, Ionic bond
Electrons transferred from one to another, results in + and - charged atoms (ions)
Attraction among opposite charged ions is an ionic bond
Cation
A positively charged ion
Anion
A negatively charged ion
Water and hydrogen bonding
-forms between the oxygen and hydrogen in separate water molecules
-weaker than covalent and ionic bonds, but play an important role in water and other polar
molecules
Properties of water
-cohesion
-surface tension
-density
-solvent properties
-adhesion
