KIN 4520 Kosma-Final Exam 2025/2026
Questions and Actual Answers.
Low - Answer _____ recruitment rate in exercise programs with people with disabilities
Active recruitments - Answer Pre-identified population of interest
Contact through: phone, direct mail, or face-to-face recruitment
passive recruitment - Answer No direct solicitation of potential study participants
Contact through: Mass advertisements (study flyer, press-release, media announcements, or
internet publicity)
Many may not see these, or may see and not care
Model of Recruitment - Answer Macro level
Mediator level
Micro/individual level
Macro - Answer Community/agencies
Academic/institutions
Mediator - Answer Gate-keepers/health care providers
Research team
Micro/individual - Answer participants/caregivers
interviewers
Disability - Answer something permanent, not treatable
medical model - Answer more negative/passive disability model
social minority model - Answer more positive/active disability model
,Confined to a wheelchair
Epileptic (The)
Insane, lunatic, psycho
Invalid
Spastic
Normal
What TO say - Answer Older adults
Persons with a disability since birth
Person who is blind; person with a visual impairment
Wheelchair user
Person who has epilepsy
Person with a mental health disability
Person with a disability
Person who has spasms
Person who is not disabled
non-categorical approach - Answer promotion of inclusion in the least restrictive
environment
service - Answer APA viewed as a ______, not a place
Additive level - Answer Students receive lectures about disability topics
inclusion level - Answer Students observe APE classes or develop programs
infusion level - Answer Students implement and evaluate their programs (ex: hands on
experience in APE classes)
Increased knowledge and understanding of disability, individuals with a disability, and equity
issues
Helps you know how to create programs for them
, Increased commitment to the elimination of disability-related social stigma
Increased affirming environment and inclusive society - Answer What are benefits of
infusion approach?
Disability is a given (located in biology)
Disability is a medical issue
Having a disability means needing help
The person with a disability is a victim
Disability is central to social concept, self-definition, social comparison, and reference groups
Disability is a fundamentally negative situation - Answer What are disability assumptions in
society?
emancipatory research - Answer meaningful research in the disability community
participatory model of research - Answer people with disabilities as researchers
focus on individual, environment, and their interaction - Answer disability as a social
construct
Develop exercise programs for disabled people
Need buildings to be accessible
challenge traditional images of the "ideal" athletic body - Answer Women elite athletes with
disabilities
Amputee high jump without prosthesis
Wheelchair dance in light of athletic ability
group cohesion - Answer Group members come together and from a group to achieve a goal,
enhance fitness skills and/or to make friends (social reasons)
Individual group - Answer "I" and "me" statements
group - Answer collectively; "we" statements
Questions and Actual Answers.
Low - Answer _____ recruitment rate in exercise programs with people with disabilities
Active recruitments - Answer Pre-identified population of interest
Contact through: phone, direct mail, or face-to-face recruitment
passive recruitment - Answer No direct solicitation of potential study participants
Contact through: Mass advertisements (study flyer, press-release, media announcements, or
internet publicity)
Many may not see these, or may see and not care
Model of Recruitment - Answer Macro level
Mediator level
Micro/individual level
Macro - Answer Community/agencies
Academic/institutions
Mediator - Answer Gate-keepers/health care providers
Research team
Micro/individual - Answer participants/caregivers
interviewers
Disability - Answer something permanent, not treatable
medical model - Answer more negative/passive disability model
social minority model - Answer more positive/active disability model
,Confined to a wheelchair
Epileptic (The)
Insane, lunatic, psycho
Invalid
Spastic
Normal
What TO say - Answer Older adults
Persons with a disability since birth
Person who is blind; person with a visual impairment
Wheelchair user
Person who has epilepsy
Person with a mental health disability
Person with a disability
Person who has spasms
Person who is not disabled
non-categorical approach - Answer promotion of inclusion in the least restrictive
environment
service - Answer APA viewed as a ______, not a place
Additive level - Answer Students receive lectures about disability topics
inclusion level - Answer Students observe APE classes or develop programs
infusion level - Answer Students implement and evaluate their programs (ex: hands on
experience in APE classes)
Increased knowledge and understanding of disability, individuals with a disability, and equity
issues
Helps you know how to create programs for them
, Increased commitment to the elimination of disability-related social stigma
Increased affirming environment and inclusive society - Answer What are benefits of
infusion approach?
Disability is a given (located in biology)
Disability is a medical issue
Having a disability means needing help
The person with a disability is a victim
Disability is central to social concept, self-definition, social comparison, and reference groups
Disability is a fundamentally negative situation - Answer What are disability assumptions in
society?
emancipatory research - Answer meaningful research in the disability community
participatory model of research - Answer people with disabilities as researchers
focus on individual, environment, and their interaction - Answer disability as a social
construct
Develop exercise programs for disabled people
Need buildings to be accessible
challenge traditional images of the "ideal" athletic body - Answer Women elite athletes with
disabilities
Amputee high jump without prosthesis
Wheelchair dance in light of athletic ability
group cohesion - Answer Group members come together and from a group to achieve a goal,
enhance fitness skills and/or to make friends (social reasons)
Individual group - Answer "I" and "me" statements
group - Answer collectively; "we" statements
