2025/2026
S.A.R.A - Answers SCAN,ANALYSIS,RESPONSE,ASSESSMENT.
Scanning - Answers recurring problems, consequences of the problem for the public.
Analysis - Answers Identify and understand the causes of the problems. Relevant data to be
collected.
Response - Answers alternate interventions, response plan(strategy) and identify responsible
parties. Carry out planned actvities.
Assessment - Answers Whether broad goals and specific objectives were attained. Identifying
any new strategies needed to augment the original plan.
Two functions of police work - Answers Order maintenance: handle problems informally
Law Enforcement: use citation or arrest
Discretion - Answers An officers ability to use personal judgement in applying the law
Letter of the Law - Answers Low Decision
Spirit of the Law - Answers High Discretion
3 types of officers - Answers Watchman, Service, Legalstic.
Substative Laws - Answers laws defining elements of criminal behavior
Procedural Law - Answers Laws defining enforcement behavior of police and other public
demands.
Exclusionary Rule - Answers ANY evidence gather through a constitutional violation is
considered not valid.
4th amendment - Answers can not have unlawful search and seizures.
Weeks Vs U.S - Answers Warrantless search for" gambling materials" at home of weeks.
Formed the bases of the exclusionary rule. Evidence illegally seized cannot be used in a trial.
Must have warrant to conduct searches or make arrests .
Fruit of the Poisonous Tree - Answers Silver thorn Lumber Co. vs US(1920). Fed's conducted
warrantless search obtaining documents, leading to others documents. Evidence which is
derived from an illegal search cannot be used in trial. Once the process becomes tainted all fruit
resulting from that process becomes tainted.
Mapp Vs Ohio - Answers Made exclusionary rule apply to state and local level.
, Consensual encounter - Answers no 4th protection(Requires: Nothing)
Detention - Answers 4th amendment protection(Requires: Reasonable Suspicion)
Arrest - Answers 4Th amendment protection
Consensual Encounter - Answers perceived as friendly casual contact between individuals and
officer. Feels free to leave(and can leave) the presence of officer at any time. No reasonable
suspicion needed. Nervousness, lying could be used to escalate to establish reasonable
suspicion and detention.
Reasonable Suspicion - Answers Generally required for police to detain individuals. "SUSPECT"
that crime is has or is about to be committed.
Reasonable test based on: - Answers 1. officers training and experience. 2. the totality of the
circumstances.
Examples of Reasonable Suspicion - Answers Matching known description of person, place, or
thing involved in criminal activity(eg., car, stolen property,etc) Person carrying "break in" style
tools in a parking lot. Refusing to answer questions is not reasonable suspicion.
Detention - Answers Need Reasonable suspicion
what may someone feel under detention - Answers They can not leave the presence of the
officer. Test" Am I Free to Leave"
what is the reasonable time to detain someone - Answers most police policies 15 or 20
mins( 30 days following hurricane katrina)
Requirements of Detention - Answers asked to identify oneself. FINGERPRINTS. Detainee not
required to answer questions beside that.
Arrest - Answers Requires Probable Cause. Can Be either misdemeanor (loitering) or
felony(major crime). Main difference from detention: Individual is place in "Custody"
Probable Cause - Answers Reasonable belief that specific crime is being, has been or is about
to be committed by specific persons.
Example of probable cause - Answers Discovery of evidence, informant, heresay. Based on
officer training and experience and totality of the circumstances. * Required for Search and
arrest.
Two Types of Searches - Answers Warrant and warrantless
Warrant Search - Answers Require warrant issued by court.
Warrantless searches - Answers exceptions to 4th amendment, generally based on" time is of