Rock and Roll: Exam 1Questions And Guaranteed Verified Solutions.

Origins and Roots of Rock - correct answers1. Rhythm and Blues 2. Country and Western 3. "Tin Pan Alley" Pop Rhythm and Blues - correct answersA hard-driving version of electric blues Chicago, big cities By far the biggest influence on early rock music Important artists: Muddy Waters, Howlin' Wolf, Louis Jordan Starting in 1920s, "race records" sold mainly to African Americans Country and Western - correct answersBefore the mid-50s, mostly regional phenomenon South, South West, and Midwest U.S. The Grand Ole Opry - most powerful/influential C&W radio show Important artists: Hank Williams, Gene Autry, Hank Snow, Enst Tubb Independent labels sold "hillbilly records" Pop - correct answers"Tin Pan Alley" tradition of professional songwriters in NYC Artists typically did not write themselves Following a formula (AABA) Important artists: Frank SInatra, Tony Bennett, Nat "King" Cole Record labels: RCA, Victor, Columbia, Capitol, Mercury, and Decca Oriented towards adults, not teens (this is where rock comes in...) "Rocket 88" by Jackie Brenston & His Delta Cats - correct answersRiff - saxophone, an important piece (repeated) Up-beat, danceable Important for teen market appeal Based on boogie-style of rhythm and blues Call and response important in rhythm and blues Conversation/discussion element Released 1951 Brenston sang lead for Ike Turner's band Rocket 88 was a car, song helped market it (hist. context) May consider first recorded rock song Distorted guitar Subject: fast car 12-bar blues form Big Joe Turner - correct answers"Shake, Rattle, and Roll" 12 bar blues form Bridged jump blues, R&B, boogie woogie, rock Rhythm meant adding drums, rhythm sections Boogie woogie used piano Life woes sexual themes "Shouting" style and risqué lyrics/performances Radio segregated pre-rock era R&B stations "Shake, Rattle, and Roll" by Big Joe Turner - correct answersJuxtaposition between lyrics (serious) and sound (danceable) 12 bar blues form = predictable, repetitive, repolicable Largely white crowd highlights segregation Saxophone solo, instrumentation...highlighted at various points Sexual lyrics carried over from blues tradtition (and carries into rock) Cheeky, innuendos might be missed if you didn't know Vanilla Versions - correct answersBill Haley and His Comets Removed some innuendos Vanilla version (appropriation) - white artists get mainstream radio play and sell more records Appropriation! "Shake, Rattle, and Roll" by Bill Haley and His Comets - correct answersDIFFERENCES from original: Loud, but less shouting, less raspy Less background sound (feels "tighter," "cleaned-up") Felt more rehearsed Tweaked lyrics Ruth Brown - correct answers"Mama, He Treats Your Daughter Mean" Verse/chorus form Tambourine/vocal style show gospel influence Influence on Little Richard Black women have HUGE influence on R&R Church/gospel style singing One of the first R&B stars to get radio airplay from white DJs Teens like Elvis Presley heard on the radio in the South "Mama, He Treats Your Daughter Mean" by Ruth Brown - correct answersVocal breaks/cracks show emotion (upset) Physical movements complimented the beat and lyrics She clearly loves to perform Tempo slower in recorded version, faster in live version Brings a different feel to the song Brings the woman's side of the story Movements closer to that of a rockstar (less stationary) Progresses to Elvis, Little Richard 12 Bar Blues - correct answersI-IV-V Chords are the most popular ones to use Most commonly used in rock music These triads are based on the 1st, 4th, and 5th notes of a scale Bar number: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Type of chord: I I I I IV IV I I V IV I I Classic Blues "Backwater Blues" 12 bar blues form AAB lyrical form Media, Tech, and Rock Music in the 1950s - correct answersTelevision: Space for rock and R&B programming; More perceived intimacy/closeness to artists Radio: Teens used portable transistor radios and car radios; They could listen to music away from mom and dad (who might not appreciate the type of music); Exposed to new music Film: Teen-oriented movies; Blackboard Jungle featured Bill Haley's "Rock Around the Clock" Little Richard - correct answers"Tutti Frutti" Richard Tenniman was "The Architect" of rock and roll Influential piano and vocal style Wild, flamboyant stage shows Young people attracted to electric energy Variously identified as gay/bisexual Tension between secular and sacred worlds - grew up religious Original lyrics were explicit Left rock music to become a preacher Verse/chorus structure Each chorus is a 12-bar blues Wore makeup, hairstyle was typically worn by a woman, pencil-thin mustache Striking, norm-defying appearance Chuck Berry - correct answers"Johnny B Goode" Bridge from R&B to Rock and Roll Gifted songwriter Hugely important guitar style (including double-stops) Double-stops = playing 2 notes at once Iconic guitar intros "Duck walk" stage move - worked the stage Verse/chorus form Both verse and chorus are 12 bar blues "Johnny B Goode" by Chuck Berry - correct answersGuitar-heavy, closer to the guitar-led rock we know Works the stage - very exciting, hip movements (sexual-ish) Audience clapping - not up and dancing, but excited Formally dressed (suit) to be "appropriate" for TV Juxtaposition between appearance and stage movements Seeing the performance is an important change with the advent of TV! Duck walk! Alan Freed - correct answersInfluential radio DJ Early '50s began programming R&B songs Helped some black artists get more exposure Helped popularize term "rock and roll" Borrowed slang from black community White teen audience Eventually caught up in payola scandal "Pay for play:" record labels bribing DJs Social and Economic Change in the '50s - correct answers1954 Brown vs Board of Education of Topeka SCOTUS decision: Banned segregation in public schools; Significant in music b/c eventually audiences were desegregated; Sometimes young white and black people would physically break down barriers Booming economy: Teens had extra $$ for concerts/records (and didn't need permission from mom and dad when they had their own money); Began to integrate - R&R was a cultural force for change Backlash against rock music: Direct: banning records, lawsuits against musicians and DJs; Indirect: mainstream labels copied music of black artists; Thinly veiled racism; Pushback against black artists was fronted as pushback against rock and roll Pat Boone - correct answers"Tutti Frutti" Represented trend: Major label white artists cover black independent releases "Vanilla versions" sold in much larger numbers than OGs Boone was one of many His version of "Tutti Frutti" was much more bland, restrained, devoid of energy...no guitar, less instrumentation, snapping, minimal movement Very vanilla Little Richard acknowledges that Pat Boone did give him some more exposure (but still problematic) Ray Charles - correct answers"What'd I Say" Nicknamed "The Genius" Blind Combined gospel, R&B, and jazz in career, which spanned decades R&B hits in '50s Pioneer of '60s soul music Call and response vocals African music technique 12-bar blues "What'd I Say" by Ray Charles - correct answersPlayed piano while singing Piano solo Call and response between him and instruments/backup singers Lots of instrumentation Antoine "Fats" Domino - correct answersGreat piano player R&B star → crossover to pop chart Crossover to pop = more white crowd More refined/restrained Subtle movements, clam demeanor, in a suit New Orleans "Blueberry Hill" Form reflects pop, TPA (Tin Pan Alley) influence Featured on the Ed Sullivan Show