COMD 4500 EXAM 3 EXAM WITH
CORRECT ACTUAL QUESTIONS
AND CORRECTLY WELL DEFINED
ANSWERS LATEST ALREADY
GRADED A+ 2025 – 2026
How does a trach tube affect swallowing?
-an over-inflated cuff can expand to constrict the
esophagus
-they can reduce laryngeal elevation so that the
epiglottis does not fold over enough
-lack of subglottic pressure leads to incomplete closure
during a swallow
-speaking valve can improve swallowing by applying
pressure underneath the larynx, helping with laryngeal
closure
How a trach speaking valve works?
-the patient breathes in through the trach tube and
exhales via the larynx
-there is a one-way valave where air cannot escape out
of the trach via exhalation
-the cuff must be deflated
, Direct selection AAC
more efficient, less load on cognition and working
memory, requires lots of motor output and it is less
precise in output
scanning AAC
slower/less efficient, more demand on cognition/working
memory
-time consuming but allows for more precise expression
in communicaiton
-choices presented one at a time
temporal lobe function
hearing and memory
occipital lobe function
vision
cranial nerves
-12 pairs
-sensory, motor, or mixed
-originate in the brainstem
-control the head/neck functions of both sensory and
motor
-can go into the peripheral nervous system
Upper Motor Neurons
-origin and destination in the CNS
-contain both direct and indirect activation pathways
-responsible for originating, planning, & refining
movements
Lower Motor Neurons
-Peripheral motor neurons
-origin in the brainstem or the spinal cord
-destination is the neuromuscular junction (final common
pathway)
corticobulbar tract
CORRECT ACTUAL QUESTIONS
AND CORRECTLY WELL DEFINED
ANSWERS LATEST ALREADY
GRADED A+ 2025 – 2026
How does a trach tube affect swallowing?
-an over-inflated cuff can expand to constrict the
esophagus
-they can reduce laryngeal elevation so that the
epiglottis does not fold over enough
-lack of subglottic pressure leads to incomplete closure
during a swallow
-speaking valve can improve swallowing by applying
pressure underneath the larynx, helping with laryngeal
closure
How a trach speaking valve works?
-the patient breathes in through the trach tube and
exhales via the larynx
-there is a one-way valave where air cannot escape out
of the trach via exhalation
-the cuff must be deflated
, Direct selection AAC
more efficient, less load on cognition and working
memory, requires lots of motor output and it is less
precise in output
scanning AAC
slower/less efficient, more demand on cognition/working
memory
-time consuming but allows for more precise expression
in communicaiton
-choices presented one at a time
temporal lobe function
hearing and memory
occipital lobe function
vision
cranial nerves
-12 pairs
-sensory, motor, or mixed
-originate in the brainstem
-control the head/neck functions of both sensory and
motor
-can go into the peripheral nervous system
Upper Motor Neurons
-origin and destination in the CNS
-contain both direct and indirect activation pathways
-responsible for originating, planning, & refining
movements
Lower Motor Neurons
-Peripheral motor neurons
-origin in the brainstem or the spinal cord
-destination is the neuromuscular junction (final common
pathway)
corticobulbar tract
