PPN 301: LABOR AND DELIVERY EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. VERIFIED
2025/2026.
What is the process of labor? - ANS moving the fetus, placenta and membranes out of the
uterus and through the birth canal
before labor begins ... - ANS - increase Braxton Hicks contraction
- cervical ripening
- increase in *excitability* of uterine musculature
- mechanical stretching of the uterus also helps to *increase contractility*
- increase oxytocin receptors & oxytocin lvls
onset & signs of labor - ANS - increase vaginal discharge
- bloody show
- backache
- stronger braxton hicks contractions
- weight loss
- surge of energy (nesting)
- flulike symptoms
- cervical ripening
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, - possible rupture of membrane
true labor - ANS strong, regular and more frequent contractions, & can't be relieved w/ other
comfort measures
- cervix begins to dilate
false labor - ANS - no change in strength, duration or frequency
- can be relieved with walking or other comfort measures
- no cervical change
5Ps during pregnancy - ANS passenger (fetus & placenta), passageway (birth canal), powers
(contractions), position of mother, physiological response
passanger - ANS fetus *and* placenta
cephalic/vertex presentation - ANS presentation of fetus *headfirst* during birth
breech presentation - ANS presentation of *butt* during birth
shoulder/transverse presentation - ANS presentation of *shoulder* during birth
occipitoanterior - ANS back is facing us at birth canal (back towards belly)
occipitotransverse - ANS body is aligned at birth canal
occipitoposterior - ANS front of body is facing us at birth canal (face towards belly)
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. VERIFIED
2025/2026.
What is the process of labor? - ANS moving the fetus, placenta and membranes out of the
uterus and through the birth canal
before labor begins ... - ANS - increase Braxton Hicks contraction
- cervical ripening
- increase in *excitability* of uterine musculature
- mechanical stretching of the uterus also helps to *increase contractility*
- increase oxytocin receptors & oxytocin lvls
onset & signs of labor - ANS - increase vaginal discharge
- bloody show
- backache
- stronger braxton hicks contractions
- weight loss
- surge of energy (nesting)
- flulike symptoms
- cervical ripening
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, - possible rupture of membrane
true labor - ANS strong, regular and more frequent contractions, & can't be relieved w/ other
comfort measures
- cervix begins to dilate
false labor - ANS - no change in strength, duration or frequency
- can be relieved with walking or other comfort measures
- no cervical change
5Ps during pregnancy - ANS passenger (fetus & placenta), passageway (birth canal), powers
(contractions), position of mother, physiological response
passanger - ANS fetus *and* placenta
cephalic/vertex presentation - ANS presentation of fetus *headfirst* during birth
breech presentation - ANS presentation of *butt* during birth
shoulder/transverse presentation - ANS presentation of *shoulder* during birth
occipitoanterior - ANS back is facing us at birth canal (back towards belly)
occipitotransverse - ANS body is aligned at birth canal
occipitoposterior - ANS front of body is facing us at birth canal (face towards belly)
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
