BIOCHEMISTRY ACS EXAM|| 2025
LATEST UPDATE!!!
nucleotides - ANSWERmonomeric unit for nucleic acids and are composed of
nitrogenous base, 5-carbon sugar and a phosphate
nucleic acids are biopolymers of - ANSWERnucleotide monomers
DNA - ANSWER-more stable
- carrier of genetic information
- double stranded
RNA - ANSWER- less stable
- intermediate in expression of genetic information
- can form secondary structure (as in tRNA) by hydrogen bonding with itself
- not all forms of RNA are intermediates in expression of genetic information
- single stranded (usually)
types of RNA - ANSWER- tRNA
- rRNA
- siRNA
- miRNA
tRNA - ANSWER- transfer RNA
- holds amino acids used in protein synthesis
- WOBBLE position (inosine)
rRNA - ANSWER- ribosomal RNA
- part of the ribosome
siRNA - ANSWER- small interfering RNA
- short term silencing of pleiotrophin coding genes
- targets mRNA for degradation
miRNA - ANSWER- micro RNA
- silencing and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression
purines - ANSWER- 2 rings
- adenine, guanine
pyrimidines - ANSWER- single ring
- cytosine, thymine
- uracil (RNA only)
, number of H bonds in A-T/U - ANSWER2
number of H bonds in G-C - ANSWER3
adenine - ANSWER
guanine - ANSWER
cytosine - ANSWER
thymine - ANSWER
uracil - ANSWER
A : T base pair - ANSWER
G : C base pair - ANSWER
Tm - ANSWERtemperature at which 50% of DNA is annealed
(melting point of GC-rich DNA is higher than AT rich DNA due to number of G-C
hydrogen bonds -- 3)
B DNA - ANSWER- 0.34 nm between bp
- 3.4 nm per turn
- about 10 bp per turn
- right handed helix
- bases are stacked parallel and bases are facing each other at the same level making it
have H-bonding
A DNA - ANSWER- cylindrical CORE
- 11 bp per turn
- forms when DNA is dehydrated
- more tightly wound that B DNA (right handed helix)
- bases are not parallel but at an angle (angle gives it a less strong H-bonding making A
conformation less stable than B DNA)
Z DNA - ANSWER- 12 bp per turn
- no grooves
- left handed helix
- occurs in G/C rich regions
REN - ANSWERrestriction endonuclease recombination
sequencing - ANSWER- uses ddNTP: ddNTP does not have OH (deoxy) on C2/C3
(dideoxy)
- DNA polymerase will stop when ddNTPs are incorporated onto the DNA strand
LATEST UPDATE!!!
nucleotides - ANSWERmonomeric unit for nucleic acids and are composed of
nitrogenous base, 5-carbon sugar and a phosphate
nucleic acids are biopolymers of - ANSWERnucleotide monomers
DNA - ANSWER-more stable
- carrier of genetic information
- double stranded
RNA - ANSWER- less stable
- intermediate in expression of genetic information
- can form secondary structure (as in tRNA) by hydrogen bonding with itself
- not all forms of RNA are intermediates in expression of genetic information
- single stranded (usually)
types of RNA - ANSWER- tRNA
- rRNA
- siRNA
- miRNA
tRNA - ANSWER- transfer RNA
- holds amino acids used in protein synthesis
- WOBBLE position (inosine)
rRNA - ANSWER- ribosomal RNA
- part of the ribosome
siRNA - ANSWER- small interfering RNA
- short term silencing of pleiotrophin coding genes
- targets mRNA for degradation
miRNA - ANSWER- micro RNA
- silencing and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression
purines - ANSWER- 2 rings
- adenine, guanine
pyrimidines - ANSWER- single ring
- cytosine, thymine
- uracil (RNA only)
, number of H bonds in A-T/U - ANSWER2
number of H bonds in G-C - ANSWER3
adenine - ANSWER
guanine - ANSWER
cytosine - ANSWER
thymine - ANSWER
uracil - ANSWER
A : T base pair - ANSWER
G : C base pair - ANSWER
Tm - ANSWERtemperature at which 50% of DNA is annealed
(melting point of GC-rich DNA is higher than AT rich DNA due to number of G-C
hydrogen bonds -- 3)
B DNA - ANSWER- 0.34 nm between bp
- 3.4 nm per turn
- about 10 bp per turn
- right handed helix
- bases are stacked parallel and bases are facing each other at the same level making it
have H-bonding
A DNA - ANSWER- cylindrical CORE
- 11 bp per turn
- forms when DNA is dehydrated
- more tightly wound that B DNA (right handed helix)
- bases are not parallel but at an angle (angle gives it a less strong H-bonding making A
conformation less stable than B DNA)
Z DNA - ANSWER- 12 bp per turn
- no grooves
- left handed helix
- occurs in G/C rich regions
REN - ANSWERrestriction endonuclease recombination
sequencing - ANSWER- uses ddNTP: ddNTP does not have OH (deoxy) on C2/C3
(dideoxy)
- DNA polymerase will stop when ddNTPs are incorporated onto the DNA strand
