CJL 3038 EXAM 3 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS. VERIFIED 2025/2026.
Who has discretion in the criminal justice system? - ANS police, prosecutors, judges, and jury
Equality - ANS the same consequences and treatment for all people who commit the same
crime
Principle of Proportionality - ANS the punishment should be consistently related to the
magnitude of the offense
Discretion - ANS the use of judgements about the circumstances of certain offenses that lead
to appropriate variations in how the system responds to those offenses
Sentencing Disparity - ANS the tendency for judges to administer a variety of penalties for
the same crime
Examples of sentencing disparity: - ANS -sentencing decisions and race
-capital punishment
-mandatory minimums and crime types
Discretion as a judgement: - ANS -opposite of routine
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, -brings knowledge, skill and insight to bear in unpredictable ways
-adapting rules to local circumstances
Discretion as a choice: - ANS -Making personal contributions or judgement calls
-Following your conscious
Discretion as discernment: - ANS -Not just about making "safe" choices
-Making good virtuous choices
-Tolerance, empathy
Discretion as liberty: - ANS permission to act as a free and equal agent
Discretion as license: - ANS -the opposite of standard expectations
-privilege to go against the rules
Discretion is NOT doing as you please - ANS bounded by norms
Principle functions of law enforcement agencies: - ANS law enforcement, maintenance of
order, community service
Five (informal) Types of Public Law Enforcement Systems: - ANS 1. Federal government
2. State police and crim investigation agencies in states
3. Sheriffs in more than 3,000 counties
4. City police officers
5. Village/boroughs/town police officers
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
ANSWERS. VERIFIED 2025/2026.
Who has discretion in the criminal justice system? - ANS police, prosecutors, judges, and jury
Equality - ANS the same consequences and treatment for all people who commit the same
crime
Principle of Proportionality - ANS the punishment should be consistently related to the
magnitude of the offense
Discretion - ANS the use of judgements about the circumstances of certain offenses that lead
to appropriate variations in how the system responds to those offenses
Sentencing Disparity - ANS the tendency for judges to administer a variety of penalties for
the same crime
Examples of sentencing disparity: - ANS -sentencing decisions and race
-capital punishment
-mandatory minimums and crime types
Discretion as a judgement: - ANS -opposite of routine
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, -brings knowledge, skill and insight to bear in unpredictable ways
-adapting rules to local circumstances
Discretion as a choice: - ANS -Making personal contributions or judgement calls
-Following your conscious
Discretion as discernment: - ANS -Not just about making "safe" choices
-Making good virtuous choices
-Tolerance, empathy
Discretion as liberty: - ANS permission to act as a free and equal agent
Discretion as license: - ANS -the opposite of standard expectations
-privilege to go against the rules
Discretion is NOT doing as you please - ANS bounded by norms
Principle functions of law enforcement agencies: - ANS law enforcement, maintenance of
order, community service
Five (informal) Types of Public Law Enforcement Systems: - ANS 1. Federal government
2. State police and crim investigation agencies in states
3. Sheriffs in more than 3,000 counties
4. City police officers
5. Village/boroughs/town police officers
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
