12/7/25, 11:45 AM Certified Retinal Angiographer (CRA) Examination Study Cards
Certified Retinal Angiographer (CRA) Examination COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
(VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+||BRAND
NEW!!2026
The middle. Made primarily of water and proteins. Works to wash
Tears: Aqueous layer away debris,
provide nourishment to the Cornea, and prevent
infection. Makes the largest portion of tears and is
produced by the lacrimal gland.
Photography is ... while Documentary/ diagnostic (like the angiography dye test)
medical imaging is...
Ophthalmic photography The only type of photography that has diagnostic capability.
Red eye phenomenon Caused by the reflection of the light source in the retina.
the thickening and scarring of connective tissue, usually
Fibrosis
as a result of injury or after surgery.
Systemic diseases Diabetes, high blood pressure, some cancers, even
visible without dye early detection of Alzheimer's and other brain
injection diseases.
Produced in goblet cells which are located in the
Tears: Mucus layer transparent, vascular lining around the eye called the
conjunctiva. Helps ensure even distribution of tears
across the
globe.
Dry Eye A chronic imbalance in the layers of tear film that can
cause extreme irritation and discomfort.
1/1
6
,12/7/25, 11:45 AM Certified Retinal Angiographer (CRA) Examination Study Cards
Produces the middle aqueous layer of tears for the eye. Located
just above the
Lacrimal gland globe in the outer portion of the orbit. Ducts are
distributed throughout the lining of the upper eyelid in a
"string of pearls" configuration. Each string has an
opening or duct at the edge of the eyelids. Easily seen
when the eye is inflamed or irritated.
Tears drainage system. Located at inside(medial) edge
of both the upper and lower eyelids. Tears drain through
Puncta lacrimalia (punctum)
these openings into the nasolacrimal duct, into the sinus
cavities, which empty into back of the throat. This is why
with Allergies and crying, the nasal passages fill with fluid
and nose runs. Also why can sometimes taste eye drops!
A vascular, Clear mucous membrane that lines the
entire front portion of aqueous and the inside of the
Conjunctiva
eyelids. Acts as a physical immune barrier, protecting
the eye from microbes and infection. Keeps the bony
orbit and any area behind the eyelids sealed off, which
is why you can never lose a contact lens behind the
eyeball.
Palpebral Conjunctiva runs the length of the eyelids.
Bulbar conjunctiva Continues from the palpebral conjunctiva onto the globe.
Fornix Base of the upper and lower eyelids.
Condition where conjunctiva becomes irritated or
Conjunctivitis (pink eye) infected, most often with a virus or allergies, or more
seriously bacteria. Extremely contagious, whites of eyes
nearly
obscured with pink or red inflamed blood vessels of the
conjunctiva.
Area where the conjunctiva and cornea meet at the
Limbus
front of the eye. and iris and sclera meet here.
An avascular, Clear optical membrane at the front of
the eye that helps bend, or refract, the light entering
Cornea the eye. Responsible for 70% of refraction or the
focusing power of the eye. Remaining 30% is created
by the lens. Contains high amount of
nerve endings sensitive to touch, temperature and pain.
2/1
6
, 12/7/25, 11:45 AM Certified Retinal Angiographer (CRA) Examination Study Cards
Focusing power fixed to 43 diopters in humans.
The top/outer most layer of the cornea. Several cell
layers thick and is the first line of defense against
Corneal epithelium
permanent injury and damage. Can repair itself fairly
quickly but not without pain. Fingerlike Microvilli
distribute across the surface which provide more
surface area for contact with the tear film and maximize
the tear/air interface.
Patients are encouraged to blink during an OCT
Blinking and out of focus
images because when they don't the lens can dry out causing
the image to go from sharp to soft (out of focus).
the second to outer layer of the cornea which adheres
Bowman's membrane
the corneal epithelium to the stroma.
The middle layer of the 5 cornea layers. Makes up 90%
Stroma
of the structure and shape of the cornea. Composed
of water and collagen.
The second to innermost layer of the cornea which
Descemet's membrane
connects the stroma to the corneal endothelium.
Composed primarily of collagen.
The single cell thick innermost layer of the cornea which
Corneal endothelium provides nourishment to the stroma and inner cornea.
The balance of fluid within the stroma is carefully
regulated by the pumping action of the corneal
endothelium. If damaged it is permanent.
Caused by irregularity of the cornea, resulting in that
Astigmatism area to refract light differently from the rest of the
cornea. This results in an area that is in a different
(often blurry) plane of focus.
3/1
6
Certified Retinal Angiographer (CRA) Examination COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
(VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+||BRAND
NEW!!2026
The middle. Made primarily of water and proteins. Works to wash
Tears: Aqueous layer away debris,
provide nourishment to the Cornea, and prevent
infection. Makes the largest portion of tears and is
produced by the lacrimal gland.
Photography is ... while Documentary/ diagnostic (like the angiography dye test)
medical imaging is...
Ophthalmic photography The only type of photography that has diagnostic capability.
Red eye phenomenon Caused by the reflection of the light source in the retina.
the thickening and scarring of connective tissue, usually
Fibrosis
as a result of injury or after surgery.
Systemic diseases Diabetes, high blood pressure, some cancers, even
visible without dye early detection of Alzheimer's and other brain
injection diseases.
Produced in goblet cells which are located in the
Tears: Mucus layer transparent, vascular lining around the eye called the
conjunctiva. Helps ensure even distribution of tears
across the
globe.
Dry Eye A chronic imbalance in the layers of tear film that can
cause extreme irritation and discomfort.
1/1
6
,12/7/25, 11:45 AM Certified Retinal Angiographer (CRA) Examination Study Cards
Produces the middle aqueous layer of tears for the eye. Located
just above the
Lacrimal gland globe in the outer portion of the orbit. Ducts are
distributed throughout the lining of the upper eyelid in a
"string of pearls" configuration. Each string has an
opening or duct at the edge of the eyelids. Easily seen
when the eye is inflamed or irritated.
Tears drainage system. Located at inside(medial) edge
of both the upper and lower eyelids. Tears drain through
Puncta lacrimalia (punctum)
these openings into the nasolacrimal duct, into the sinus
cavities, which empty into back of the throat. This is why
with Allergies and crying, the nasal passages fill with fluid
and nose runs. Also why can sometimes taste eye drops!
A vascular, Clear mucous membrane that lines the
entire front portion of aqueous and the inside of the
Conjunctiva
eyelids. Acts as a physical immune barrier, protecting
the eye from microbes and infection. Keeps the bony
orbit and any area behind the eyelids sealed off, which
is why you can never lose a contact lens behind the
eyeball.
Palpebral Conjunctiva runs the length of the eyelids.
Bulbar conjunctiva Continues from the palpebral conjunctiva onto the globe.
Fornix Base of the upper and lower eyelids.
Condition where conjunctiva becomes irritated or
Conjunctivitis (pink eye) infected, most often with a virus or allergies, or more
seriously bacteria. Extremely contagious, whites of eyes
nearly
obscured with pink or red inflamed blood vessels of the
conjunctiva.
Area where the conjunctiva and cornea meet at the
Limbus
front of the eye. and iris and sclera meet here.
An avascular, Clear optical membrane at the front of
the eye that helps bend, or refract, the light entering
Cornea the eye. Responsible for 70% of refraction or the
focusing power of the eye. Remaining 30% is created
by the lens. Contains high amount of
nerve endings sensitive to touch, temperature and pain.
2/1
6
, 12/7/25, 11:45 AM Certified Retinal Angiographer (CRA) Examination Study Cards
Focusing power fixed to 43 diopters in humans.
The top/outer most layer of the cornea. Several cell
layers thick and is the first line of defense against
Corneal epithelium
permanent injury and damage. Can repair itself fairly
quickly but not without pain. Fingerlike Microvilli
distribute across the surface which provide more
surface area for contact with the tear film and maximize
the tear/air interface.
Patients are encouraged to blink during an OCT
Blinking and out of focus
images because when they don't the lens can dry out causing
the image to go from sharp to soft (out of focus).
the second to outer layer of the cornea which adheres
Bowman's membrane
the corneal epithelium to the stroma.
The middle layer of the 5 cornea layers. Makes up 90%
Stroma
of the structure and shape of the cornea. Composed
of water and collagen.
The second to innermost layer of the cornea which
Descemet's membrane
connects the stroma to the corneal endothelium.
Composed primarily of collagen.
The single cell thick innermost layer of the cornea which
Corneal endothelium provides nourishment to the stroma and inner cornea.
The balance of fluid within the stroma is carefully
regulated by the pumping action of the corneal
endothelium. If damaged it is permanent.
Caused by irregularity of the cornea, resulting in that
Astigmatism area to refract light differently from the rest of the
cornea. This results in an area that is in a different
(often blurry) plane of focus.
3/1
6
