Comprehensive Cardio-Respiratory and
Bioenergetics Review for Exercise Physiology
What does VO2 Max represent?
The maximal rate of oxygen uptake to support the aerobic synthesis of ATP during intense
exercise.
What equation is VO2 Max bound by?
The Fick equation: VO2 = Q x a-v O2 difference.
What does a-v O2 difference represent?
The difference in oxygen content between arterial blood and venous blood.
How is VO2 Max expressed during weight-bearing exercise?
In mL/kg/min.
How is VO2 Max expressed during non-weight-bearing exercise?
In L/min.
Why is VO2 Max important?
It is one of the strongest predictors of all-cause mortality and chronic disease risk.
What is the typical decline rate of VO2 Max with age?
Approximately 9-10% per decade.
What is the difference between VO2 Max and VO2 Peak?
, VO2 Max is the highest value reached during a test, while VO2 Peak is the highest value reached
during a given test.
What method is used to measure VO2 Max?
Indirect calorimetry, which estimates energy expenditure by measuring oxygen uptake and
carbon dioxide production.
What is the Weir Equation used for?
To estimate energy expenditure based on oxygen consumption.
What factors affect stroke volume?
Preload, afterload, and contractility.
What is preload in relation to stroke volume?
The volume of blood filling the left ventricle before it contracts.
What is afterload?
The peripheral resistance the heart must overcome to eject blood.
What is the role of hemoglobin in oxygen transport?
Hemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to the body.
What is the path of deoxygenated blood through the heart?
Body > Superior/Inferior vena cava > Right atrium > Tricuspid valve > Right ventricle >
Pulmonary valve > Pulmonary artery > Lungs.
What happens to blood in the lungs?
Bioenergetics Review for Exercise Physiology
What does VO2 Max represent?
The maximal rate of oxygen uptake to support the aerobic synthesis of ATP during intense
exercise.
What equation is VO2 Max bound by?
The Fick equation: VO2 = Q x a-v O2 difference.
What does a-v O2 difference represent?
The difference in oxygen content between arterial blood and venous blood.
How is VO2 Max expressed during weight-bearing exercise?
In mL/kg/min.
How is VO2 Max expressed during non-weight-bearing exercise?
In L/min.
Why is VO2 Max important?
It is one of the strongest predictors of all-cause mortality and chronic disease risk.
What is the typical decline rate of VO2 Max with age?
Approximately 9-10% per decade.
What is the difference between VO2 Max and VO2 Peak?
, VO2 Max is the highest value reached during a test, while VO2 Peak is the highest value reached
during a given test.
What method is used to measure VO2 Max?
Indirect calorimetry, which estimates energy expenditure by measuring oxygen uptake and
carbon dioxide production.
What is the Weir Equation used for?
To estimate energy expenditure based on oxygen consumption.
What factors affect stroke volume?
Preload, afterload, and contractility.
What is preload in relation to stroke volume?
The volume of blood filling the left ventricle before it contracts.
What is afterload?
The peripheral resistance the heart must overcome to eject blood.
What is the role of hemoglobin in oxygen transport?
Hemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to the body.
What is the path of deoxygenated blood through the heart?
Body > Superior/Inferior vena cava > Right atrium > Tricuspid valve > Right ventricle >
Pulmonary valve > Pulmonary artery > Lungs.
What happens to blood in the lungs?
