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GMS6401 RENAL QUESTIONS WITH
DETAILED VERIFIED ANSWERS
general Function of a kidney Ans: 1) controls volume and compos. of
body fluids
2)excretes wastes/ drugs
3)makes glucose, bicarbonate, renin, erythroppoetin and D3
What does the kidney make Ans: makes glucose, bicarbonate, renin,
erythroppoetin and D3
basic renal processes Ans: 1)filters plasma
2)secreted from peritubular blood into tubule
3) reabsorbs solutes/ water
excess is then excreted
different cell types that form the glomerulus Ans: Anatomy is unique:
mesangial cells- the central core, contractile cell
endothelial cells- fenestrated, (gapped) lie on glomerular basement
membrane
podocyte- lies on outside of endothelial cells, form pores
granular cells- in afferent arteriole, secrete renin
The golumerulus has resistance vessels both Ans: before and after it,
afferent and efferent arterioles
renal corpuscle Ans: The glomerular capillary is surrounded by the
Bowmans capsule, epithelial cells that marks the beginning of the tubule
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and water and solutes in plasma are forced acrossed capillary wall and
create filtration
location of kidneys Ans: adrenal gland lies above, retroperitoneal and
encased in fat
blood supply of kidney Ans: To: abdominal aorta to the renal artery to
segmental arteries to interlobar arteries to arcuate arteries to the cortical
radial artery, afferent arteriole, glomerular capillaries and then efferent
arteriole
From: renal vein to vena cava
All glomeruli are located in Ans: the cortex
A nephron is a Ans: glomerulus and a tubule
two types of glomeruli Ans: 1) cortical, in outer 2/3rds, about 90%
2) juxtamedullary, in inner 1/3, anout 10%
micturition is Ans: voluntary
gross structure of kidneys: in a sagittal section (cut right down the
middle) Ans: cortex and medulla (pyramids)
Drainage system: Ans: renal pyramid to minar calyce to major calyce to
renal pelvis to ureter to bladder to urethra
How does renal tubule epithelium facilitate transport in the tubule Ans:
form a cylinder and are joined by tight junctions, Na+/K+ ATPase are
located on the outside of the epithelial cells , in the luminal surface there
is no ATPase pump so Na+ is absorbed and there is unidirectional
transport from lumen into peritubular space for NA+ to be reabsorbed
list different tubule segments: superficial glomeruli Ans: bowmans
capsule, proximal convoluted tubule in cortex, Proximal straight tubule,
descending limb of loop of henle in medulla, thick ascending limb of the
loop of henle, distal convoluted tubule in cortex, drains into collecting
duct from cortex to medulla
GMS6401 RENAL QUESTIONS WITH
DETAILED VERIFIED ANSWERS
general Function of a kidney Ans: 1) controls volume and compos. of
body fluids
2)excretes wastes/ drugs
3)makes glucose, bicarbonate, renin, erythroppoetin and D3
What does the kidney make Ans: makes glucose, bicarbonate, renin,
erythroppoetin and D3
basic renal processes Ans: 1)filters plasma
2)secreted from peritubular blood into tubule
3) reabsorbs solutes/ water
excess is then excreted
different cell types that form the glomerulus Ans: Anatomy is unique:
mesangial cells- the central core, contractile cell
endothelial cells- fenestrated, (gapped) lie on glomerular basement
membrane
podocyte- lies on outside of endothelial cells, form pores
granular cells- in afferent arteriole, secrete renin
The golumerulus has resistance vessels both Ans: before and after it,
afferent and efferent arterioles
renal corpuscle Ans: The glomerular capillary is surrounded by the
Bowmans capsule, epithelial cells that marks the beginning of the tubule
, Page | 2
and water and solutes in plasma are forced acrossed capillary wall and
create filtration
location of kidneys Ans: adrenal gland lies above, retroperitoneal and
encased in fat
blood supply of kidney Ans: To: abdominal aorta to the renal artery to
segmental arteries to interlobar arteries to arcuate arteries to the cortical
radial artery, afferent arteriole, glomerular capillaries and then efferent
arteriole
From: renal vein to vena cava
All glomeruli are located in Ans: the cortex
A nephron is a Ans: glomerulus and a tubule
two types of glomeruli Ans: 1) cortical, in outer 2/3rds, about 90%
2) juxtamedullary, in inner 1/3, anout 10%
micturition is Ans: voluntary
gross structure of kidneys: in a sagittal section (cut right down the
middle) Ans: cortex and medulla (pyramids)
Drainage system: Ans: renal pyramid to minar calyce to major calyce to
renal pelvis to ureter to bladder to urethra
How does renal tubule epithelium facilitate transport in the tubule Ans:
form a cylinder and are joined by tight junctions, Na+/K+ ATPase are
located on the outside of the epithelial cells , in the luminal surface there
is no ATPase pump so Na+ is absorbed and there is unidirectional
transport from lumen into peritubular space for NA+ to be reabsorbed
list different tubule segments: superficial glomeruli Ans: bowmans
capsule, proximal convoluted tubule in cortex, Proximal straight tubule,
descending limb of loop of henle in medulla, thick ascending limb of the
loop of henle, distal convoluted tubule in cortex, drains into collecting
duct from cortex to medulla
