MDC 2 EXAM 1 REVIEW_LATEST UPDATE

MDC 2 EXAM 1 REVIEW|LATEST UPDATE

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Normal cells growing in the wrong place or at the
Benign cells
wrong time

o Harmless
o Do not usually require intervention
o Slow growing
o Tight Adherence
o Specific morphology
Benign Cell Features o Small nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio
o Specific differentiated functions
o Tight adherence
o Orderly growth
o No migration
o Normal chromosomes

Benign cell looks similar to healthy cell
a

o Skin Tag
o Mole
Examples of Benign cells o Nasal Polyp
o Uterine Fibroids
o Endometriosis

indicates cancer and can be harmful to normal body
Malignant cells
tissues and result in death

, o Large nucleus
o Migration
o Doesn't stop and replicates (No contact inhibition)
Malignant cell features o Loose adherence
o Rapid or continuous cell division
o Loss of cellular regulation
o Abnormal chromosomes (< or > 23)

o C-Change in bowel or bladder patterns
o A-A sore that doesn't heal
o U-Unusual bleeding or d/c
Seven warning signs of
o. T-Thickening or lump on breast or elsewhere
cancer
o I-Indigestion or difficulty swallowing
o O-Obvious change in wart or mole
o N-Nagging cough or hoarseness

o Initiation
Cancer development o Promotion
stages of malignancy o Progression
o Metastasis

Initiation (Stage of Normal cells are damaged and irreversible
malignancy)

Repeated exposure>Enhances growth of malignant
Promotion
cells

Progression Increase in production of malignant cells

Metastasis Cells move from primary site to the rest of the body

Carcinogenesis/oncogene cancer development
sis

o Grading
o Ploidy
Cancer classification o Staging
o TNM
o Doubling time and mitotic index