NR 451 Evidence Based Practice Change
Process
Unit 1: Foundations of EBP
1. What is the primary goal of Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) in nursing?
a) To follow physician orders without question
b) To integrate the best research evidence with clinical expertise and patient values
c) To implement the latest trends in healthcare
d) To reduce the cost of care above all else
2. Which of the following is NOT a core component of the EBP triad?
a) Best research evidence
b) Clinical expertise
c) Patient preferences and values
d) Hospital policy and budget constraints
3. What is the key difference between EBP and research?
a) EBP is less rigorous.
b) Research generates new knowledge, while EBP translates and applies existing
knowledge.
c) EBP only uses quantitative studies.
d) There is no significant difference.
4. Which model is widely used to guide the systematic implementation of EBP?
a) Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
b) The Nursing Process
c) The Iowa Model or the Johns Hopkins Model
d) Erikson's Stages of Development
5. A nurse uses a pain assessment tool validated by recent studies while also considering
a patient's cultural beliefs about pain expression. This is an example of:
a) Clinical trial
b) Quality improvement
c) Evidence-Based Practice
d) Traditional practice
,Unit 2: The 7-Step EBP Process
6. What is the first step of the EBP process?
a) Appraise the evidence
b) Cultivate a spirit of inquiry and ask a clinical question
c) Integrate the evidence
d) Evaluate the outcomes
7. The PICO(T) format is used to formulate which of the following?
a) A nursing diagnosis
b) A focused, searchable clinical question
c) A patient care plan
d) A discharge summary
8. In PICO(T), what does the "P" stand for?
a) Prognosis
b) Patient/Population/Problem
c) Procedure
d) Protocol
9. In PICO(T), what does the "I" stand for?
a) Intervention of Interest
b) Introduction
c) Investigation
d) Institution
10. "In adult ICU patients (P), how does chlorhexidine mouthwash (I) compared to
standard oral care (C) affect the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (O) over
a 7-day period (T)?" This is an example of what type of PICO(T) question?
a) Therapy/Intervention
b) Diagnosis
c) Prognosis
d) Meaning/Etiology
11. The third step in the EBP process is:
a) Ask the question
b) Critically appraise the evidence
c) Search for and collect the best evidence
d) Integrate the evidence
, 12. What is the primary purpose of the critical appraisal step in EBP?
a) To dismiss any study with limitations
b) To determine the validity, reliability, and applicability of the evidence
c) To summarize articles quickly
d) To assign a grade to the researcher
13. The step of integrating the evidence with clinical expertise and patient preferences to
plan change occurs:
a) Before searching for evidence
b) After appraising the evidence
c) Instead of evaluating outcomes
d) Only if the evidence is perfect
14. The final step of the EBP process is:
a) Disseminate the results
b) Ask a new question
c) Write a policy
d) Thank the team
15. Evaluating the outcomes of a practice change involves:
a) Measuring results against baseline data and predetermined goals
b) Assuming success if no one complains
c) Immediately moving to a new project
d) Only looking at financial metrics
Unit 3: Asking the Question (PICO-T)
16. For a question about the accuracy of a new diagnostic test, the "C" in PICO would most
likely be:
a) A placebo
b) The standard diagnostic test/gold standard
c) No intervention
d) A different medication
17. A question about a patient's experience or perspective is best framed as a ________
question.
a) Therapy
b) Prognosis
c) Meaning/Qualitative
d) Diagnosis
, 18. "What is the likelihood of depression recurrence in middle-aged women with a family
history?" This is a ________ question.
a) Therapy
b) Prognosis
c) Etiology
d) Diagnosis
19. The "T" in PICO(T) is important because it addresses:
a) The type of statistical test used
b) The title of the article
c) The time frame for the intervention or outcome
d) The training of the staff
20. A well-formed PICO(T) question does which of the following?
a) Guarantees a positive result
b) Provides a framework for an efficient literature search
c) Replaces the need for clinical judgment
d) Is only necessary for research studies
Unit 4: Searching for Evidence
21. What is the highest level of evidence in the traditional evidence hierarchy?
a) Cohort studies
b) Systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials (RCTs)
c) Case-control studies
d) Expert opinion
22. A single, well-designed Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) is considered:
a) Low-level evidence
b) The highest level of evidence for a single study
c) Equal to expert opinion
d) Only useful for qualitative data
23. Which database is considered a premier source for biomedical literature?
a) CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature)
b) JSTOR
c) Google Scholar
d) Wikipedia
24. What is a key benefit of using controlled vocabulary (like MeSH terms) in a database
search?
Process
Unit 1: Foundations of EBP
1. What is the primary goal of Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) in nursing?
a) To follow physician orders without question
b) To integrate the best research evidence with clinical expertise and patient values
c) To implement the latest trends in healthcare
d) To reduce the cost of care above all else
2. Which of the following is NOT a core component of the EBP triad?
a) Best research evidence
b) Clinical expertise
c) Patient preferences and values
d) Hospital policy and budget constraints
3. What is the key difference between EBP and research?
a) EBP is less rigorous.
b) Research generates new knowledge, while EBP translates and applies existing
knowledge.
c) EBP only uses quantitative studies.
d) There is no significant difference.
4. Which model is widely used to guide the systematic implementation of EBP?
a) Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
b) The Nursing Process
c) The Iowa Model or the Johns Hopkins Model
d) Erikson's Stages of Development
5. A nurse uses a pain assessment tool validated by recent studies while also considering
a patient's cultural beliefs about pain expression. This is an example of:
a) Clinical trial
b) Quality improvement
c) Evidence-Based Practice
d) Traditional practice
,Unit 2: The 7-Step EBP Process
6. What is the first step of the EBP process?
a) Appraise the evidence
b) Cultivate a spirit of inquiry and ask a clinical question
c) Integrate the evidence
d) Evaluate the outcomes
7. The PICO(T) format is used to formulate which of the following?
a) A nursing diagnosis
b) A focused, searchable clinical question
c) A patient care plan
d) A discharge summary
8. In PICO(T), what does the "P" stand for?
a) Prognosis
b) Patient/Population/Problem
c) Procedure
d) Protocol
9. In PICO(T), what does the "I" stand for?
a) Intervention of Interest
b) Introduction
c) Investigation
d) Institution
10. "In adult ICU patients (P), how does chlorhexidine mouthwash (I) compared to
standard oral care (C) affect the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (O) over
a 7-day period (T)?" This is an example of what type of PICO(T) question?
a) Therapy/Intervention
b) Diagnosis
c) Prognosis
d) Meaning/Etiology
11. The third step in the EBP process is:
a) Ask the question
b) Critically appraise the evidence
c) Search for and collect the best evidence
d) Integrate the evidence
, 12. What is the primary purpose of the critical appraisal step in EBP?
a) To dismiss any study with limitations
b) To determine the validity, reliability, and applicability of the evidence
c) To summarize articles quickly
d) To assign a grade to the researcher
13. The step of integrating the evidence with clinical expertise and patient preferences to
plan change occurs:
a) Before searching for evidence
b) After appraising the evidence
c) Instead of evaluating outcomes
d) Only if the evidence is perfect
14. The final step of the EBP process is:
a) Disseminate the results
b) Ask a new question
c) Write a policy
d) Thank the team
15. Evaluating the outcomes of a practice change involves:
a) Measuring results against baseline data and predetermined goals
b) Assuming success if no one complains
c) Immediately moving to a new project
d) Only looking at financial metrics
Unit 3: Asking the Question (PICO-T)
16. For a question about the accuracy of a new diagnostic test, the "C" in PICO would most
likely be:
a) A placebo
b) The standard diagnostic test/gold standard
c) No intervention
d) A different medication
17. A question about a patient's experience or perspective is best framed as a ________
question.
a) Therapy
b) Prognosis
c) Meaning/Qualitative
d) Diagnosis
, 18. "What is the likelihood of depression recurrence in middle-aged women with a family
history?" This is a ________ question.
a) Therapy
b) Prognosis
c) Etiology
d) Diagnosis
19. The "T" in PICO(T) is important because it addresses:
a) The type of statistical test used
b) The title of the article
c) The time frame for the intervention or outcome
d) The training of the staff
20. A well-formed PICO(T) question does which of the following?
a) Guarantees a positive result
b) Provides a framework for an efficient literature search
c) Replaces the need for clinical judgment
d) Is only necessary for research studies
Unit 4: Searching for Evidence
21. What is the highest level of evidence in the traditional evidence hierarchy?
a) Cohort studies
b) Systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials (RCTs)
c) Case-control studies
d) Expert opinion
22. A single, well-designed Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) is considered:
a) Low-level evidence
b) The highest level of evidence for a single study
c) Equal to expert opinion
d) Only useful for qualitative data
23. Which database is considered a premier source for biomedical literature?
a) CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature)
b) JSTOR
c) Google Scholar
d) Wikipedia
24. What is a key benefit of using controlled vocabulary (like MeSH terms) in a database
search?
