NR 451 Evidence Based Practice
Change Process.
Foundations of Evidence-Based Practice (EBP)
1. Q: What is the primary goal of Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) in nursing?
A: To integrate the best current research evidence with clinical expertise and patient
preferences to achieve optimal patient outcomes.
2. Q: Which of the following is NOT a core component of the EBP triad?
A: Organizational Policy. (The triad is Research Evidence, Clinical Expertise, Patient
Values/Preferences).
3. Q: The principle of "Do no harm" is most closely tied to which ethical consideration in
EBP?
A: Nonmaleficence.
4. Q: What is the primary difference between EBP and research?
A: Research generates new knowledge, while EBP translates and applies existing
knowledge into practice.
5. Q: Which model provides a seven-step, cyclical process for implementing EBP, starting
with "Cultivate a Spirit of Inquiry"?
A: The Iowa Model of Evidence-Based Practice.
The EBP Change Process: Steps and Models
6. Q: In the John Hopkins Nursing EBP (JHNEBP) model, what are the three key
components of an EBP question (PICO)?
A: Patient/Population, Intervention/Issue, Comparison, Outcome. (Note: The question
asks for three, but PICO has four. The most accurate answer based on the prompt is to
list PICO components). For clarity: The correct framework is PICO.
7. Q: Step 0 in the Iowa Model is referred to as:
A: Identifying a triggering event/opportunity.
8. Q: The ACE (Academic Center for Evidence-Based Practice) Star Model illustrates:
A: The knowledge transformation process from research to practice.
, 9. Q: In the EBP process, after forming a team and developing a PICOT question, the next
step is:
A: Search for and collect the best relevant evidence.
10. Q: Which model emphasizes the importance of organizational culture and a "ready for
change" environment?
A: The Advancing Research and Clinical practice through close Collaboration (ARCC)
Model.
Asking the Clinical Question (PICO/T)
11. Q: In the PICOT format, what does the "T" stand for?
A: Timeframe.
12. Q: "In adult patients undergoing total knee replacement (P), how does scheduled
cryotherapy (I) compared to PRN ice packs (C) affect postoperative pain scores (O)
within the first 48 hours (T)?" This is an example of what type of PICOT question?
A: An intervention/therapy question.
13. Q: A question focused on the meaning or experience of an illness is best addressed by
what type of research?
A: Qualitative research.
14. Q: Which part of PICOT defines the standard or alternative to which the intervention is
compared?
A: The "C" (Comparison).
15. Q: Forming a PICOT question helps to:
A: Focus the search for evidence and clarify the project's aim.
Searching for Evidence
16. Q: What is the highest level of evidence in the traditional evidence hierarchy?
A: Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).
17. Q: Which database is considered a premier source for biomedical literature and clinical
guidelines?
A: PubMed/MEDLINE.
18. Q: The CINAHL database is specifically focused on literature from which field?
A: Nursing and allied health.
Change Process.
Foundations of Evidence-Based Practice (EBP)
1. Q: What is the primary goal of Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) in nursing?
A: To integrate the best current research evidence with clinical expertise and patient
preferences to achieve optimal patient outcomes.
2. Q: Which of the following is NOT a core component of the EBP triad?
A: Organizational Policy. (The triad is Research Evidence, Clinical Expertise, Patient
Values/Preferences).
3. Q: The principle of "Do no harm" is most closely tied to which ethical consideration in
EBP?
A: Nonmaleficence.
4. Q: What is the primary difference between EBP and research?
A: Research generates new knowledge, while EBP translates and applies existing
knowledge into practice.
5. Q: Which model provides a seven-step, cyclical process for implementing EBP, starting
with "Cultivate a Spirit of Inquiry"?
A: The Iowa Model of Evidence-Based Practice.
The EBP Change Process: Steps and Models
6. Q: In the John Hopkins Nursing EBP (JHNEBP) model, what are the three key
components of an EBP question (PICO)?
A: Patient/Population, Intervention/Issue, Comparison, Outcome. (Note: The question
asks for three, but PICO has four. The most accurate answer based on the prompt is to
list PICO components). For clarity: The correct framework is PICO.
7. Q: Step 0 in the Iowa Model is referred to as:
A: Identifying a triggering event/opportunity.
8. Q: The ACE (Academic Center for Evidence-Based Practice) Star Model illustrates:
A: The knowledge transformation process from research to practice.
, 9. Q: In the EBP process, after forming a team and developing a PICOT question, the next
step is:
A: Search for and collect the best relevant evidence.
10. Q: Which model emphasizes the importance of organizational culture and a "ready for
change" environment?
A: The Advancing Research and Clinical practice through close Collaboration (ARCC)
Model.
Asking the Clinical Question (PICO/T)
11. Q: In the PICOT format, what does the "T" stand for?
A: Timeframe.
12. Q: "In adult patients undergoing total knee replacement (P), how does scheduled
cryotherapy (I) compared to PRN ice packs (C) affect postoperative pain scores (O)
within the first 48 hours (T)?" This is an example of what type of PICOT question?
A: An intervention/therapy question.
13. Q: A question focused on the meaning or experience of an illness is best addressed by
what type of research?
A: Qualitative research.
14. Q: Which part of PICOT defines the standard or alternative to which the intervention is
compared?
A: The "C" (Comparison).
15. Q: Forming a PICOT question helps to:
A: Focus the search for evidence and clarify the project's aim.
Searching for Evidence
16. Q: What is the highest level of evidence in the traditional evidence hierarchy?
A: Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).
17. Q: Which database is considered a premier source for biomedical literature and clinical
guidelines?
A: PubMed/MEDLINE.
18. Q: The CINAHL database is specifically focused on literature from which field?
A: Nursing and allied health.
