PHIL 120 Exam 3 (PHIL 120) | 2025/2026 | 80+ Verified Q&A on Abortion Ethics, Speciesism, Just War Theory

This document contains 80+ professionally verified and graded A+ exam questions with answers for PHIL 120 (Introduction to Philosophy), focused on Exam 3 at the University of Illinois, for the 2025/2026 academic year. It covers central applied ethics topics in a structured, concise format ideal for undergraduate students preparing for philosophy midterms or finals. Topics covered include: Moral obligations and utilitarian ethics, such as the distinction between charity and duty, marginal utility, and moral significance Peter Singer’s arguments on global poverty and our duty to prevent suffering when possible without sacrificing comparable moral importance Abortion ethics, with in-depth analysis of the “Future Like Ours” argument and Judith Jarvis Thomson’s analogies (Violinist, Growing Child, People Seeds) concerning bodily autonomy, the right to life, and justified killing Speciesism and animal rights, including critiques of factory farming, the moral relevance of suffering, and comparisons to racism and slavery Just War Theory, detailing the principles of Jus ad Bellum and Jus in Bello: competent authority, just cause, right intention, proportionality, necessity, and discrimination between combatants and civilians Deontological foundations for ethical reasoning, particularly as they relate to rights, justice, and the wrongness of killing This exam prep resource is ideal for: Philosophy students preparing for exams or essays on ethics, animal rights, or war Pre-law, political science, or international relations majors studying moral justification for state violence or military intervention Ethics instructors seeking structured questions and concise ethical theory application Anyone seeking applied philosophy examples in real-world contexts such as abortion, war, poverty, and animal welfare The Q&A format breaks down complex theories into digestible parts while preserving philosophical rigor and terminology aligned with university-level standards. Keywords: abortion ethics, future like ours, speciesism, Peter Singer, moral obligation, marginal utility, Judith Jarvis Thomson, violinist analogy, animal rights, factory farming, Just War Theory, jus ad bellum, jus in bello, proportionality, right intention, ethical killing, deontology, PHIL 120 exam