latest 2020/2021 100% Genetics Study Guide Final Exam Fall

Explain the structure of DNA. ▪ DNA has 2 strands that are held together by hydrogen bond, which are COMPLIMENTARY and not identical, which run opposite to one another (aka base pairs) ▪ DNA strands must run perfectly parallel, and are able to do so from nucleotides ▪ Purines must always pair with pyrimidines, with matching bases to form complementary pairs ▪ DNA in humans/mammals is linear, double stranded structure with the nucleotides of each strand connected together by phosphate group as the backbone Cell division: 1. Every time a cell divides, the DNA undergoes replication, which is duplication or replication of itself ▪ Resulting in two identical sets of DNA 2. Important because every time a cell undergoes mitosis, a duplication resulting in two new cells that are identical both to each other and the original (parent cell) that began the mitosis ▪ Each cell must have a complete genome Define Meiosis: the process of chromosomal reduction cell divisions required during gametogenesis to ensure that gametes are haploid Define mitosis: a duplication cell division that results in to new cells that are identical both to each othe