BIO 251: Final Exam fully solved & updated 2025-2026(latest version veri
for accuracy) | 2024\2025Latest!!
1. Thick filament Primarily myosin
A bands
2. ________ reflects ___________ Function; structure
3. Homeostasis involve continuous monitoring and
regulation of all factors that can
change
4. Acids proton donors, release H+
5. Bases proton acceptors, release OH-
6. Acidic (0-7) a substance with more H+ mole-
cules would fall on what side of the
pH scale
7. Basic (7-14) a substance with less H+ molecules
would fall on what side of the pH
scale
8. monosaccharides what is the building block for car-
bohydrates
9. source of cellular fuel what is the function of carbohy-
drates
10. Dexoyribose (sugar in DNA) name two monosaccharides knows
Glucose (Blood Sugar) as simple sugars
11. Sucrose (table sugar) name three disaccharides known
Lactose (milk sugar) as double sugars
Maltose (malt sugar)
, BIO 251: Final Exam fully solved & updated 2025-2026(latest version veri
for accuracy) | 2024\2025Latest!!
12. storage of sugars in the body what is the function of polysaccha-
rides
13. Starch Storage carb formed by plants
14. Glycogen Storage carb formed by animal tis-
sue
15. long term energy source what is the function of lipids
16. Triglycerides fats when solid, oils when liquid
composed of fatty acid chains
17. Saturated Fat single; covalent bonds; solid at
room temp
18. Unsaturated Fat double bonds; liquid at room temp
19. Phospholipids chief material for building cellular
membranes
20. Hydrophobic " water-fearing"
21. Hydrophilic " water-loving"
22. Steroids flat molecules consisting of 4 inter-
locking hydrocarbon rings
23. Cholesterol most important steroid in the body
responsible for synthesis of vitamin
D
24. basic structural material of the body, vital role in what is the function of proteins
cellular activity
, BIO 251: Final Exam fully solved & updated 2025-2026(latest version veri
for accuracy) | 2024\2025Latest!!
25. amino acids what is the building block of pro-
teins
26. Amine basic; nitrogen
27. Carboxyl acidic; carbon
28. Primary structural level "beads on a string" critical to func-
tion of proteins
29. Secondary structural level twist/ bend to form alpha helix and
beta pleated sheets
30. Tertiary structural level Globular proteins
31. Quaternary structural level two or more tertiary proteins
32. Positive feedback loop response enhances or exaggerates
original stimulus
33. Negative feedback loop reduces or shuts off original stim-
ulus, variable change in opposite
direction of initial change
34. Receptor (sensor) responds to a stimulus
35. Control Center receives input from receptor
36. Effector receives output from control cen-
ter, respond either reduces or en-
hances stimulus
37. Fibrous proteins
for accuracy) | 2024\2025Latest!!
1. Thick filament Primarily myosin
A bands
2. ________ reflects ___________ Function; structure
3. Homeostasis involve continuous monitoring and
regulation of all factors that can
change
4. Acids proton donors, release H+
5. Bases proton acceptors, release OH-
6. Acidic (0-7) a substance with more H+ mole-
cules would fall on what side of the
pH scale
7. Basic (7-14) a substance with less H+ molecules
would fall on what side of the pH
scale
8. monosaccharides what is the building block for car-
bohydrates
9. source of cellular fuel what is the function of carbohy-
drates
10. Dexoyribose (sugar in DNA) name two monosaccharides knows
Glucose (Blood Sugar) as simple sugars
11. Sucrose (table sugar) name three disaccharides known
Lactose (milk sugar) as double sugars
Maltose (malt sugar)
, BIO 251: Final Exam fully solved & updated 2025-2026(latest version veri
for accuracy) | 2024\2025Latest!!
12. storage of sugars in the body what is the function of polysaccha-
rides
13. Starch Storage carb formed by plants
14. Glycogen Storage carb formed by animal tis-
sue
15. long term energy source what is the function of lipids
16. Triglycerides fats when solid, oils when liquid
composed of fatty acid chains
17. Saturated Fat single; covalent bonds; solid at
room temp
18. Unsaturated Fat double bonds; liquid at room temp
19. Phospholipids chief material for building cellular
membranes
20. Hydrophobic " water-fearing"
21. Hydrophilic " water-loving"
22. Steroids flat molecules consisting of 4 inter-
locking hydrocarbon rings
23. Cholesterol most important steroid in the body
responsible for synthesis of vitamin
D
24. basic structural material of the body, vital role in what is the function of proteins
cellular activity
, BIO 251: Final Exam fully solved & updated 2025-2026(latest version veri
for accuracy) | 2024\2025Latest!!
25. amino acids what is the building block of pro-
teins
26. Amine basic; nitrogen
27. Carboxyl acidic; carbon
28. Primary structural level "beads on a string" critical to func-
tion of proteins
29. Secondary structural level twist/ bend to form alpha helix and
beta pleated sheets
30. Tertiary structural level Globular proteins
31. Quaternary structural level two or more tertiary proteins
32. Positive feedback loop response enhances or exaggerates
original stimulus
33. Negative feedback loop reduces or shuts off original stim-
ulus, variable change in opposite
direction of initial change
34. Receptor (sensor) responds to a stimulus
35. Control Center receives input from receptor
36. Effector receives output from control cen-
ter, respond either reduces or en-
hances stimulus
37. Fibrous proteins
