D684 - INTRODUCTION TO
COMPUTER SCIENCE QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS(RATED A+)
analog data - ANSWERdata represented in a continuous and variable form
American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) - ANSWERa standard
encoding system for text characters that uses numeric values to represent letters,
numbers, and symbols
bandwidth - ANSWERthe maximum rate of data transfer across a network or
communication channel, usually measured in bits per second
binary - ANSWERa numerical system that uses only two digits, zero and one, to
represent data in computing
Boolean expression - ANSWERa logical statement that can only be true or false and
uses operators like AND, OR, and NOT
character - ANSWERa single letter, digit, or symbol used in writing text
character set - ANSWERa collection of characters that a computer can recognize and
process, like ASCII or Unicode
compression ratio - ANSWERthe ratio of the original data size to the compressed data
size, indicating how much the data has been reduced
control structure - ANSWERconstructs in programming that control the flow of
execution, such as loops and conditional statements
data - ANSWERraw facts and figures that can be processed to produce meaningful
information
data compression - ANSWERthe process of reducing the size of data to save space or
transmission time
data types - ANSWERcategories of data that define what kind of value can be stored,
like integers, floats, and strings, and how it can be used
declaration - ANSWERa statement in programming that specifies the name and type of
a variable or function without assigning a value
digital data - ANSWERdata represented using discrete binary values (zeroes and ones)
,floating point - ANSWERa way to represent real numbers that can have fractional parts
using a format that includes a base and an exponent
Huffman encoding - ANSWERa compression technique that uses variable-length codes
for data representation based on frequency of occurrence
information - ANSWERdata that have been processed or organized in a meaningful way
to be useful
integer - ANSWERa whole number
keyword encoding - ANSWERa method of data compression that replaces frequently
occurring patterns with shorter codes
lossless - ANSWERa type of data compression where no information is lost and the
original data can be perfectly reconstructed
lossy - ANSWERa type of data compression that reduces file size by permanently
eliminating some information, which may affect quality
numeric - ANSWERany value that is a number
overflow - ANSWERa condition in which a calculation exceeds the maximum value that
can be represented within a given number of bits
pulse-code modulation (PCM) - ANSWERa method used to digitally represent analog
signals
radix point - ANSWERthe decimal point in a number system that indicates the
separation between integer and fractional parts
real - ANSWERa data type representing numbers that can have fractional parts, often
called floating-point numbers
reclocking - ANSWERthe process of refreshing the timing signals in digital data to
ensure accuracy and synchronization
run-length encoding - ANSWERa simple compression technique that replaces
sequences of repeated characters with a single character and a count
scientific notation - ANSWERa method of representing very large or very small numbers
by using powers of 10
, signed-magnitude representation - ANSWERa way of encoding positive and negative
numbers where one bit represents the sign and the remaining bits represent the
magnitude
string - ANSWERa sequence of characters treated as a single data element and used
for text manipulation
strong typing - ANSWERa feature in programming languages where each variable is
explicitly declared to be of a specific type, reducing errors
ten's complement - ANSWERa mathematical method for representing negative numbers
in a decimal system
Unicode - ANSWERa universal character set that includes characters from virtually all
writing systems, allowing for consistent encoding and representation of text globally
alphanumeric values - ANSWERcharacters that include both letters (A-Z) and numbers
(0-9)
assignment operator - ANSWERa symbol used to assign a value to a variable, typically
=
assignment statement - ANSWERa line of code that assigns a value to a variable, like x
=5
binary operator - ANSWERan operator that takes two operands, such as +, -, *, and /
camel casing - ANSWERa naming convention where the first letter is lowercase and
each subsequent word starts with an uppercase letter, like myVariableName
garbage - ANSWERunused or leftover data in memory that the program no longer
needs or references
Hungarian notation - ANSWERa naming convention where the name of a variable starts
with a prefix indicating its type, like strName for a string variable
identifier - ANSWERa name given to a variable, function, or other item in code to
identify it
initializing a variable - ANSWERassigning an initial value to a variable when it is
declared, like int x = 10
kebob case - ANSWERa naming convention where words are all lowercase and
separated by hyphens, like my-variable-name
COMPUTER SCIENCE QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS(RATED A+)
analog data - ANSWERdata represented in a continuous and variable form
American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) - ANSWERa standard
encoding system for text characters that uses numeric values to represent letters,
numbers, and symbols
bandwidth - ANSWERthe maximum rate of data transfer across a network or
communication channel, usually measured in bits per second
binary - ANSWERa numerical system that uses only two digits, zero and one, to
represent data in computing
Boolean expression - ANSWERa logical statement that can only be true or false and
uses operators like AND, OR, and NOT
character - ANSWERa single letter, digit, or symbol used in writing text
character set - ANSWERa collection of characters that a computer can recognize and
process, like ASCII or Unicode
compression ratio - ANSWERthe ratio of the original data size to the compressed data
size, indicating how much the data has been reduced
control structure - ANSWERconstructs in programming that control the flow of
execution, such as loops and conditional statements
data - ANSWERraw facts and figures that can be processed to produce meaningful
information
data compression - ANSWERthe process of reducing the size of data to save space or
transmission time
data types - ANSWERcategories of data that define what kind of value can be stored,
like integers, floats, and strings, and how it can be used
declaration - ANSWERa statement in programming that specifies the name and type of
a variable or function without assigning a value
digital data - ANSWERdata represented using discrete binary values (zeroes and ones)
,floating point - ANSWERa way to represent real numbers that can have fractional parts
using a format that includes a base and an exponent
Huffman encoding - ANSWERa compression technique that uses variable-length codes
for data representation based on frequency of occurrence
information - ANSWERdata that have been processed or organized in a meaningful way
to be useful
integer - ANSWERa whole number
keyword encoding - ANSWERa method of data compression that replaces frequently
occurring patterns with shorter codes
lossless - ANSWERa type of data compression where no information is lost and the
original data can be perfectly reconstructed
lossy - ANSWERa type of data compression that reduces file size by permanently
eliminating some information, which may affect quality
numeric - ANSWERany value that is a number
overflow - ANSWERa condition in which a calculation exceeds the maximum value that
can be represented within a given number of bits
pulse-code modulation (PCM) - ANSWERa method used to digitally represent analog
signals
radix point - ANSWERthe decimal point in a number system that indicates the
separation between integer and fractional parts
real - ANSWERa data type representing numbers that can have fractional parts, often
called floating-point numbers
reclocking - ANSWERthe process of refreshing the timing signals in digital data to
ensure accuracy and synchronization
run-length encoding - ANSWERa simple compression technique that replaces
sequences of repeated characters with a single character and a count
scientific notation - ANSWERa method of representing very large or very small numbers
by using powers of 10
, signed-magnitude representation - ANSWERa way of encoding positive and negative
numbers where one bit represents the sign and the remaining bits represent the
magnitude
string - ANSWERa sequence of characters treated as a single data element and used
for text manipulation
strong typing - ANSWERa feature in programming languages where each variable is
explicitly declared to be of a specific type, reducing errors
ten's complement - ANSWERa mathematical method for representing negative numbers
in a decimal system
Unicode - ANSWERa universal character set that includes characters from virtually all
writing systems, allowing for consistent encoding and representation of text globally
alphanumeric values - ANSWERcharacters that include both letters (A-Z) and numbers
(0-9)
assignment operator - ANSWERa symbol used to assign a value to a variable, typically
=
assignment statement - ANSWERa line of code that assigns a value to a variable, like x
=5
binary operator - ANSWERan operator that takes two operands, such as +, -, *, and /
camel casing - ANSWERa naming convention where the first letter is lowercase and
each subsequent word starts with an uppercase letter, like myVariableName
garbage - ANSWERunused or leftover data in memory that the program no longer
needs or references
Hungarian notation - ANSWERa naming convention where the name of a variable starts
with a prefix indicating its type, like strName for a string variable
identifier - ANSWERa name given to a variable, function, or other item in code to
identify it
initializing a variable - ANSWERassigning an initial value to a variable when it is
declared, like int x = 10
kebob case - ANSWERa naming convention where words are all lowercase and
separated by hyphens, like my-variable-name
