MODELING — 100 Q&A (2026 EDITION)
Perfect for Wall Street Prep, investment
banking, equity research, private equity,
and FP&A prep.
SECTION 1 — CORE EXCEL SKILLS (1–25)
1. Q: What is the shortcut to select an entire row?
A: Shift + Space.
2. Q: What is the shortcut to select an entire column?
A: Ctrl + Space.
3. Q: What shortcut auto-sums a range?
A: Alt + =.
4. Q: What does F4 do when editing formulas?
A: Toggles absolute/relative references ($A$1, A$1, $A1, A1).
5. Q: Shortcut to insert a row?
A: Ctrl + Shift + “+”.
6. Q: Shortcut to delete a row?
A: Ctrl + “–”.
7. Q: How do you quickly copy a formula down?
A: Ctrl + D.
8. Q: How do you quickly copy a formula right?
A: Ctrl + R.
9. Q: Shortcut to format cells?
A: Ctrl + 1.
,10. Q: Shortcut to hide a column?
A: Ctrl + 0.
11. Q: Shortcut to hide a row?
A: Ctrl + 9.
12. Q: Shortcut to unhide a column?
A: Ctrl + Shift + 0 (may require system settings enabled).
13. Q: Shortcut to unhide rows?
A: Ctrl + Shift + 9.
14. Q: Shortcut to open the Go To menu?
A: Ctrl + G (or F5).
15. Q: What does Ctrl + Arrow Key do?
A: Jump to the edge of a data region.
16. Q: What is Ctrl + Shift + Arrow Key?
A: Select to the edge of a data region.
17. Q: Shortcut to create a table?
A: Ctrl + T.
18. Q: Shortcut to insert a comment?
A: Shift + F2.
19. Q: Shortcut to repeat last action?
A: F4. (Different from reference toggle in formula bar).
20. Q: Shortcut to open Find?
A: Ctrl + F.
21. Q: Shortcut to open Replace?
A: Ctrl + H.
22. Q: Shortcut for Print Preview?
A: Ctrl + P.
23. Q: Shortcut to close Excel?
A: Ctrl + W.
24. Q: Shortcut to save?
A: Ctrl + S.
,25. Q: Shortcut to fill series (drag alternative)?
A: Ctrl + E for Flash Fill.
SECTION 2 — EXCEL FUNCTIONS & FORMULAS (26–50)
26. Q: What does VLOOKUP return?
A: A value from a specified column to the right of the lookup value. cannot look left. Use
XLOOKUP instead.
27. Q: What is the correct VLOOKUP syntax?
A: =VLOOKUP(lookup_value, table_array, col_index_num, [range_lookup])
28. Q: What is INDEX/MATCH?
A: A combination allowing fully flexible lookups in any direction.
29. Q: What is XLOOKUP?
A: Successor to VLOOKUP, with simpler syntax and left/right lookup.
=XLOOKUP(lookup, lookup_array, return_array)
30. Q: SUMIF purpose?
A: Sum values meeting a single condition.
=SUMIF(range, criteria, sum_range)
31. Q: SUMIFS?
A: Sum values meeting multiple conditions.
=SUMIFS(sum_range, criteria_range1, criteria1, …)
32. Q: AVERAGEIF?
A: Averages values meeting one condition.
=AVERAGEIF(range, criteria, avg_range)
33. Q: COUNTIF?
A: Counts values that meet one condition.
=COUNTIF(range, criteria)
34. Q: IFERROR function use?
A: Return a fallback value if a formula errors.
=IFERROR(value, value_if_error)
, 35. Q: PMT function use?
A: Calculates loan payment.
=PMT(rate, nper, pv)
36. Q: IRR function?
A: Returns the internal rate of return for cash flows.
=IRR(values)
37. Q: NPV function?
A: Calculates net present value of cash flows discounted at a rate.
=NPV(rate, values) (exclude initial outflow).
38. Q: XNPV function?
A: NPV using actual dates.
=XNPV(rate, values, dates)
39. Q: XIRR?
A: IRR using actual dates.
=XIRR(values, dates)
40. Q: EOMONTH?
A: Returns the end date of a month offset.
=EOMONTH(start_date, months)
41. Q: CONCAT vs CONCATENATE?
A: CONCAT is newer and supports ranges.
=CONCAT(text1, text2, …)
42. Q: TEXT function?
A: Format numbers as text.
=TEXT(value, format_text)
43. Q: Today’s date formula?
A: =TODAY() (updates daily).
44. Q: Random number formula?
A: =RAND() (0–1).
=RANDBETWEEN(a,b) for integers.
45. Q: OFFSET function use?
A: Return a range offset from a starting point.