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“Excel Crash Course & Financial Modeling — 100 Q&A (2026 Edition)

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EXCEL CRASH COURSE: Indicates the resource begins with core Excel skills (shortcuts, formulas, formatting, tables) that are essential for financial analysis. FINANCIAL MODELING: Expands into applied finance topics, teaching how to build models for valuation, forecasting, and decision-making. 100 Q&A (2026 EDITION): The document is organized into 100 questions and answers, updated for 2026, covering both Excel techniques and finance concepts. Perfect for Wall Street Prep, investment banking, equity research, private equity, and FP&A prep: Specifies the target audience—students and professionals preparing for careers in finance, particularly roles that require strong Excel and modeling skills. Context from the Page The surrounding content shows the Q&A is divided into four major sections: Core Excel Skills (Q1–25) – shortcuts, formatting, formulas, tables, navigation. Excel Functions & Formulas (Q26–50) – VLOOKUP, INDEX/MATCH, XLOOKUP, SUMIF/SUMIFS, IRR, NPV, XNPV, XIRR, text/date functions. Accounting & Financial Statement Basics (Q51–75) – accounting equation, working capital, EBITDA, free cash flow, enterprise value, equity value. Financial Modeling Practice (Q76–100) – DCF valuation, terminal value (Gordon Growth & Exit Multiple), WACC, beta calculations, scenario/sensitivity analysis, comps, precedent transactions, synergies, accretion/dilution. Each Q&A provides clear explanations, formulas, and practical applications, making it both a study guide and a hands-on practice tool.

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EXCEL CRASH COURSE & FINANCIAL
MODELING — 100 Q&A (2026 EDITION)
Perfect for Wall Street Prep, investment
banking, equity research, private equity,
and FP&A prep.

SECTION 1 — CORE EXCEL SKILLS (1–25)

1. Q: What is the shortcut to select an entire row?
A: Shift + Space.

2. Q: What is the shortcut to select an entire column?
A: Ctrl + Space.

3. Q: What shortcut auto-sums a range?
A: Alt + =.

4. Q: What does F4 do when editing formulas?
A: Toggles absolute/relative references ($A$1, A$1, $A1, A1).

5. Q: Shortcut to insert a row?
A: Ctrl + Shift + “+”.

6. Q: Shortcut to delete a row?
A: Ctrl + “–”.

7. Q: How do you quickly copy a formula down?
A: Ctrl + D.

8. Q: How do you quickly copy a formula right?
A: Ctrl + R.

9. Q: Shortcut to format cells?
A: Ctrl + 1.

,10. Q: Shortcut to hide a column?
A: Ctrl + 0.

11. Q: Shortcut to hide a row?
A: Ctrl + 9.

12. Q: Shortcut to unhide a column?
A: Ctrl + Shift + 0 (may require system settings enabled).

13. Q: Shortcut to unhide rows?
A: Ctrl + Shift + 9.

14. Q: Shortcut to open the Go To menu?
A: Ctrl + G (or F5).

15. Q: What does Ctrl + Arrow Key do?
A: Jump to the edge of a data region.

16. Q: What is Ctrl + Shift + Arrow Key?
A: Select to the edge of a data region.

17. Q: Shortcut to create a table?
A: Ctrl + T.

18. Q: Shortcut to insert a comment?
A: Shift + F2.

19. Q: Shortcut to repeat last action?
A: F4. (Different from reference toggle in formula bar).

20. Q: Shortcut to open Find?
A: Ctrl + F.

21. Q: Shortcut to open Replace?
A: Ctrl + H.

22. Q: Shortcut for Print Preview?
A: Ctrl + P.

23. Q: Shortcut to close Excel?
A: Ctrl + W.

24. Q: Shortcut to save?
A: Ctrl + S.

,25. Q: Shortcut to fill series (drag alternative)?
A: Ctrl + E for Flash Fill.



SECTION 2 — EXCEL FUNCTIONS & FORMULAS (26–50)

26. Q: What does VLOOKUP return?
A: A value from a specified column to the right of the lookup value. cannot look left. Use
XLOOKUP instead.

27. Q: What is the correct VLOOKUP syntax?
A: =VLOOKUP(lookup_value, table_array, col_index_num, [range_lookup])

28. Q: What is INDEX/MATCH?
A: A combination allowing fully flexible lookups in any direction.

29. Q: What is XLOOKUP?
A: Successor to VLOOKUP, with simpler syntax and left/right lookup.
=XLOOKUP(lookup, lookup_array, return_array)

30. Q: SUMIF purpose?
A: Sum values meeting a single condition.
=SUMIF(range, criteria, sum_range)

31. Q: SUMIFS?
A: Sum values meeting multiple conditions.
=SUMIFS(sum_range, criteria_range1, criteria1, …)

32. Q: AVERAGEIF?
A: Averages values meeting one condition.
=AVERAGEIF(range, criteria, avg_range)

33. Q: COUNTIF?
A: Counts values that meet one condition.
=COUNTIF(range, criteria)

34. Q: IFERROR function use?
A: Return a fallback value if a formula errors.
=IFERROR(value, value_if_error)

, 35. Q: PMT function use?
A: Calculates loan payment.
=PMT(rate, nper, pv)

36. Q: IRR function?
A: Returns the internal rate of return for cash flows.
=IRR(values)

37. Q: NPV function?
A: Calculates net present value of cash flows discounted at a rate.
=NPV(rate, values) (exclude initial outflow).

38. Q: XNPV function?
A: NPV using actual dates.
=XNPV(rate, values, dates)

39. Q: XIRR?
A: IRR using actual dates.
=XIRR(values, dates)

40. Q: EOMONTH?
A: Returns the end date of a month offset.
=EOMONTH(start_date, months)

41. Q: CONCAT vs CONCATENATE?
A: CONCAT is newer and supports ranges.
=CONCAT(text1, text2, …)

42. Q: TEXT function?
A: Format numbers as text.
=TEXT(value, format_text)

43. Q: Today’s date formula?
A: =TODAY() (updates daily).

44. Q: Random number formula?
A: =RAND() (0–1).
=RANDBETWEEN(a,b) for integers.

45. Q: OFFSET function use?
A: Return a range offset from a starting point.

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