📘 Spanish I (Freshman Year) — Essential
Notes
1. Basic Greetings & Common Phrases
● Hola – hello
● Buenos días / tardes / noches – good morning/afternoon/night
● ¿Cómo estás? – How are you?
● Estoy bien/mal/más o menos – I’m good/bad/okay
● Por favor – please
● Gracias / De nada – thank you / you’re welcome
● Adiós / Hasta luego – goodbye / see you later
2. The Spanish Alphabet & Pronunciation
● Letters mostly sound like they’re spelled.
● J sounds like English “h”
● LL can sound like “y” (depending on accent)
● Ñ sounds like “ny” (like in canyon)
● Spanish vowels never change sound:
○ A = ah
, ○ E = eh
○ I = ee
○ O = oh
○ U = oo
3. Nouns & Gender
● All nouns are either masculine or feminine.
○ Most -o → masculine
○ Most -a → feminine
● El = the (masc.)
● La = the (fem.)
● Plural: los / las
Examples:
● el libro = the book
● la mesa = the table
● los amigos = the friends
4. Adjective Agreement
Adjectives must match the noun in gender and number.
● el chico alto – the tall boy
Notes
1. Basic Greetings & Common Phrases
● Hola – hello
● Buenos días / tardes / noches – good morning/afternoon/night
● ¿Cómo estás? – How are you?
● Estoy bien/mal/más o menos – I’m good/bad/okay
● Por favor – please
● Gracias / De nada – thank you / you’re welcome
● Adiós / Hasta luego – goodbye / see you later
2. The Spanish Alphabet & Pronunciation
● Letters mostly sound like they’re spelled.
● J sounds like English “h”
● LL can sound like “y” (depending on accent)
● Ñ sounds like “ny” (like in canyon)
● Spanish vowels never change sound:
○ A = ah
, ○ E = eh
○ I = ee
○ O = oh
○ U = oo
3. Nouns & Gender
● All nouns are either masculine or feminine.
○ Most -o → masculine
○ Most -a → feminine
● El = the (masc.)
● La = the (fem.)
● Plural: los / las
Examples:
● el libro = the book
● la mesa = the table
● los amigos = the friends
4. Adjective Agreement
Adjectives must match the noun in gender and number.
● el chico alto – the tall boy
