BIOD 171: Essential Microbiology Module 2
(Exam 2) Overview and Study Guide Practice
Exam Questions Bank and Correct Answers
Guaranteed Pass Latest Version 2025
BIOD 171 Module 2 focuses on **Microbial Metabolism**, covering energy
production, enzymes, catabolic/anabolic pathways, ATP, glycolysis, TCA cycle,
electron transport, fermentation, photosynthesis, and nutritional classifications
(e.g., phototrophs, chemotrophs). The exam (often called "Exam 2") is typically
25–30 questions (T/F, multiple-choice, short-answer), worth 100 points, with a
60-minute limit and Respondus proctoring. It draws heavily from module lectures
and quizzes.
.
| **Energy Carriers** | ATP (high-energy), ADP (low-energy), NADH/FADH₂. | ATP
→ ADP + Pi (releases energy); ADP + Pi → ATP (stores energy). Net ATP from
glucose catabolism: 38 (aerobic). |
| **Glycolysis** | First stage of glucose catabolism; anaerobic; cytoplasm. |
Reactants: Glucose + 2 NAD⁺ + 2 ADP + 2 Pi. Products: 2 Pyruvate + 2 NADH + 2
ATP (net). Invests 2 ATP, produces 4. |
| **TCA Cycle (Krebs)** | Aerobic; mitochondria (eukaryotes)/cytoplasm
(prokaryotes); oxidizes acetyl-CoA. | Produces: 2 CO₂, 3 NADH, 1 FADH₂, 1 GTP
(per glucose). Links glycolysis to ETC. |
| **Electron Transport Chain (ETC)** | Aerobic; plasma membrane; oxidative
phosphorylation. | Yields ~34 ATP (via proton gradient). O₂ as final acceptor. Most
energy from glucose (34/38 ATP). |
, | **Fermentation** | Anaerobic alternative to ETC; regenerates NAD⁺. | Lactic
acid (muscles) or alcohol (yeast); net 2 ATP. No O₂ needed. |
| **Nutritional Types** | Energy/carbon sources: Photo-/chemo-; auto-/hetero-.
| **Phototroph**: Light energy (e.g., cyanobacteria). **Chemotroph**:
Chemicals (e.g., humans). **Autotroph**: CO₂ carbon. **Heterotroph**: Organic
carbon. |
| **Photosynthesis** | Light reactions (thylakoid): ATP/NADPH from H₂O + light.
Dark reactions (stroma): Fix CO₂ into glucose. | Equation: 6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + light →
C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 O₂. Chlorophyll in chloroplasts. |
.
1. **True or False: Metabolism is a controlled set of biochemical reactions that
occur in living organisms in order to maintain life.**
Answer: True.** Metabolism includes all reactions for energy, growth, and
maintenance.
2. **True or False: Enzymes slow down chemical reactions to conserve energy.**
Answer: False.** Enzymes speed up (catalyze) reactions by lowering activation
energy.
3. **What is a cofactor? Give a general example.**
Answer: A small chemical component (usually metal ions) that assists enzymes
during catalysis. Example: Mg²⁺ or Fe²⁺.**
4. **What is cellular metabolism?**
Answer: A controlled set of biochemical reactions that occur in living organisms
to maintain life.**
(Exam 2) Overview and Study Guide Practice
Exam Questions Bank and Correct Answers
Guaranteed Pass Latest Version 2025
BIOD 171 Module 2 focuses on **Microbial Metabolism**, covering energy
production, enzymes, catabolic/anabolic pathways, ATP, glycolysis, TCA cycle,
electron transport, fermentation, photosynthesis, and nutritional classifications
(e.g., phototrophs, chemotrophs). The exam (often called "Exam 2") is typically
25–30 questions (T/F, multiple-choice, short-answer), worth 100 points, with a
60-minute limit and Respondus proctoring. It draws heavily from module lectures
and quizzes.
.
| **Energy Carriers** | ATP (high-energy), ADP (low-energy), NADH/FADH₂. | ATP
→ ADP + Pi (releases energy); ADP + Pi → ATP (stores energy). Net ATP from
glucose catabolism: 38 (aerobic). |
| **Glycolysis** | First stage of glucose catabolism; anaerobic; cytoplasm. |
Reactants: Glucose + 2 NAD⁺ + 2 ADP + 2 Pi. Products: 2 Pyruvate + 2 NADH + 2
ATP (net). Invests 2 ATP, produces 4. |
| **TCA Cycle (Krebs)** | Aerobic; mitochondria (eukaryotes)/cytoplasm
(prokaryotes); oxidizes acetyl-CoA. | Produces: 2 CO₂, 3 NADH, 1 FADH₂, 1 GTP
(per glucose). Links glycolysis to ETC. |
| **Electron Transport Chain (ETC)** | Aerobic; plasma membrane; oxidative
phosphorylation. | Yields ~34 ATP (via proton gradient). O₂ as final acceptor. Most
energy from glucose (34/38 ATP). |
, | **Fermentation** | Anaerobic alternative to ETC; regenerates NAD⁺. | Lactic
acid (muscles) or alcohol (yeast); net 2 ATP. No O₂ needed. |
| **Nutritional Types** | Energy/carbon sources: Photo-/chemo-; auto-/hetero-.
| **Phototroph**: Light energy (e.g., cyanobacteria). **Chemotroph**:
Chemicals (e.g., humans). **Autotroph**: CO₂ carbon. **Heterotroph**: Organic
carbon. |
| **Photosynthesis** | Light reactions (thylakoid): ATP/NADPH from H₂O + light.
Dark reactions (stroma): Fix CO₂ into glucose. | Equation: 6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + light →
C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 O₂. Chlorophyll in chloroplasts. |
.
1. **True or False: Metabolism is a controlled set of biochemical reactions that
occur in living organisms in order to maintain life.**
Answer: True.** Metabolism includes all reactions for energy, growth, and
maintenance.
2. **True or False: Enzymes slow down chemical reactions to conserve energy.**
Answer: False.** Enzymes speed up (catalyze) reactions by lowering activation
energy.
3. **What is a cofactor? Give a general example.**
Answer: A small chemical component (usually metal ions) that assists enzymes
during catalysis. Example: Mg²⁺ or Fe²⁺.**
4. **What is cellular metabolism?**
Answer: A controlled set of biochemical reactions that occur in living organisms
to maintain life.**
