Final Exam (Stylistics) Review Questions And Answers Verified Solutions.

Meter - correct answers an arranged pattern of words; a rhythmic pattern Rhythm - correct answers the arrangement of stress in speech Prosody - correct answers in poetics the systematic arrangement of intonation and speech Scansion - correct answers Metrical system... represents meter symbolically. Counts units and or marks stress. Does not account for rhythm or Prosody. Three kinds. Pure Accentual meter - correct answers Based on stressed syllables. Oral poetic traditions follow a pure accentual meter Pure Syllabic Meter - correct answers Based on the number of syllables per line. Ex: Haiku Accentual-Syllabic Meter - correct answers Distributes stress and syllables into different kinds of feet. (Ex: Most poetry composed in English) Foot - correct answers A metrical unit composed of a certain number of syllables arranged in a certain pattern of stress. Most Common Types of Feet in Accentual-Syllabic Meter - correct answers Iamic. Trochaic. Anapestic. Dactylic. Psyrrhic. Spondaic. Caesura - correct answers Indicates a pause in a line created by natural phrasing rather than by meter Enjambment - correct answers occurs when a phrase, clause, or sentence isn't completed at the end of a line of poetry, but spills onto the next line. Toolan's 5 categories - correct answers1. Repetition 2. Pattern 3. Recurrent Structures 4. Ungrammatical or "language-stretching" structure 5. Large internal contrassts of content or presentation. Alliteration/Internal Alliteration - correct answers internal alliteration Fox in Socks Consonance vs Assonance - correct answers repetition of internal or ending of consonant sounds close together (in poetry) vs Repetition of internal vowel sounds of words close together. (In poetry) Mimetic(imitative) - correct answers Poetry can be mimetic without indulging in onomatopoeia, though: In John Betjeman's "Upper Lambourne" repetition of the word up suggests ascent—drawing the imagination's eye upward along the trunk of a tree and further into the sky. How is Baraka's "Biography" mimetic? eye rhyme - correct answers shove, prove Types of rhymes (4) - correct answers Masculine rhyme: one syllable Feminine rhyme: two syllables Triple rhyme: three syllables Quadruple, Quintuple, etc. Masculine Sink/pink, defeat/eat, sleep/creep Feminine Drilling/grilling, reparation/nation, quiet/riot triple rhyme - correct answerssurgical/vertical and extremity/infinity quadruple rhyme - correct answerssendin me back, energy pack Semantics - correct answers1. The Study of the meaning of language. 2. The sub-field of linguistics that studies linguistic meaning and how expressions convey meaning. Linguistic Meaning - correct answers(Exists only inside our heads) 2 Kinds of Semantics - correct answersLexical Semantics and Compositional Semantics Lexical Semantics - correct answersThe meaning of words and other lexical expressions. Compositional Semantics - correct answersThe meaning of phrases and how they are assembled Sense - correct answersSense underlies the intuition that there is a "mental component" to linguistic meaning. Reference - correct answersreference relates this mental representation the outside world. Sister Terms - correct answersTwo words that have the same reference on the same leve in a hierarchy Hyponym vs Hypernm - correct answersHyponym is a subset of something (A dog = an animal) Hypernym is the opposite. Antonymy - correct answersAntonyms must have meanings that are related yet different. 3 Kinds of Antonyms - correct answersGradables, Complementaries, Converses Complementaries - correct answersNothing can be part of both group A and group B's reference. (A = Married, B = single; A = Alive, B = Dead) Gradables - correct answersNothing can be part of both group C and D, but there is also a clear spectrum in-between. (Ex: Hot and cold, and everything in between. Wet, dry, and all ranges of dampness inbetween. Converses - correct answersOpposite points of view that require each other. Homyny - correct answersare distinct words with distinct meanings, yet they are phonetically identical. (Bank, the body of water and the financial place; read and red, seal the animal and the action. Polysemous - correct answerswords have different yet related meanings. Their senses are related. ◦The bank raised its interest rates. ◦The gas station is next to the bank. Contrast this with bank's homonym. ◦We painted the door red. ◦I walked through the door. ◦I couldn't bear the burden any longer. Is the burden mental or physical? Dysphemism - correct answers These are words and phrases meant to sound worse than alternatives or worse in a particular context than other contexts. Euphemism - correct answers Obvious Amelioration - correct answers Nice meant just silly, Queen used to mean just woman, cheer used to mean just temperament. Pejoration - correct answers***** was 'caring one' ◦Villainwas a worker in a villa (village) ◦Boor was a farm worker ◦Sad was sated, and people were "sated with . . ." Compare to cheer. Semantic Changes - correct answers Changes in the world ◦Drive has been around longer than cars. ◦So has car, for that matter. Objectivism - correct answers There is a reality out there that we can access, bypassing language, and language describes that world. Linguistic Relativity - correct answers Differences in language create differences in thought Linguistic Determinism - correct answers Thought is determined by the categories language makes available to us. (Side-note) - correct answers Relativism has been gaining ground on objectivism. For example, how readily do we notice loose/tight