ANAT - 1500 TEST 3 | THE SMART WAY TO PASS | REAL
TESTS, REAL RESULTS!
Sense organs - Answer: eyes, ears, nose, skin, taste buds
Function of receptors - Answer: • Sense a change in their environment
• When stimulated a nerve impulse is triggered
Receptors information travels - Answer: -To the CNS
-Is processed
-Interpreted
-A sensation is experienced
5 major sensory receptors - Answer: mechanoreceptors, thermoreceptors,
photoreceptors, chemoreceptors, nociceptors
Mechanoreceptors - Answer: -respond to touch, pressure, vibration, stretch, and itch
-Sense change in pressure or movement of fluids
Chemoreceptors - Answer: -Stimulated by changes in chemical concentrations
-Associated with the sense of smell and taste
-Senses chemical changes
Thermoreceptors - Answer: -Senses temperature changes
-Hot and cold receptors
Nociceptors - Answer: -Pain
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,-Sense tissue damage
Photoreceptors - Answer: -Respond to light
-Light receptors in the eye
Sensation - Answer: -stimulation of sense organs
-interpretation of sensory nerve impulses by the brain as an awareness of external / internal
event
How does sensation occur? - Answer: • Sensory information is carried to the brain on a
sensory nerve pathway
• The interpretation comes from the region of the cortex where it has been interpreted
• The feeling however comes from the receptors being stimulated - "projection"
Role of the thalamus in sensation - Answer: (switch-board) roots sensory information to the
back of the brain for processing
The thalamus receives crude information about: - Answer: o Pain
O Temperature
O Touch
O Proprioceptors
What is reffered pain? - Answer: • Visceral sensory (pain) neurons share somatic pathways
Why does reffered pain occur? - Answer: because both sites are innervated by the same
spinal nerve and it is difficult for brain to differentiate point of origin
-various structures maintain their same embryonic innervation
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2
,Taste - Answer: -our most intimate sense
-most pleasurable
Taste buds - Answer: -sensory receptors on our tongue within elated projections found
within papillae
-molecules dissolve
4 basic taste sensations - Answer: sweet, sour, bitter, salty
Sweet - Answer: anterior 1/3
Sour - Answer: bilateral sides on tongue
Bitter - Answer: posterior
Cranial nerve for hearing and equilibrium - Answer: •VII - Vestibulocochlear
• Vestibul= balance
• Cochlear= hearing
Outer ear - Answer: • The external part of the ear
• Earlobe also known as ORACLE or the PINNA
• Funnel shaped
• Directs inwardly to the external auditory canal which is how we collect sound waves
Middle ear - Answer: o eardrum/ tympanic cavity
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, O Tympanic membrane
O Auditory ossicles
Auditory tube (eustachian tube) - Answer: Connects the middle ear to the throat; helps
maintain air pressure
Inner tube - Answer: • Set of communicating tubes and chambers - called labyrinth
• Two labyrinths:
O Osseous
O Membranous
Perilymph - Answer: fluid contained in the labyrinth of the inner ear
Endolymph - Answer: fluid within the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear
Semicircular canals - Answer: • Lay at right angles to each other
• Different planes
• Equilibrium
Chochlea - Answer: • Snail shaped
• Collection of spaces and membranes
• "origin of corti"
• Functions of sound transmission
Pathway of sound through the ear - Answer: pinna, tympanic membrane, middle ear,
cochlea
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4
TESTS, REAL RESULTS!
Sense organs - Answer: eyes, ears, nose, skin, taste buds
Function of receptors - Answer: • Sense a change in their environment
• When stimulated a nerve impulse is triggered
Receptors information travels - Answer: -To the CNS
-Is processed
-Interpreted
-A sensation is experienced
5 major sensory receptors - Answer: mechanoreceptors, thermoreceptors,
photoreceptors, chemoreceptors, nociceptors
Mechanoreceptors - Answer: -respond to touch, pressure, vibration, stretch, and itch
-Sense change in pressure or movement of fluids
Chemoreceptors - Answer: -Stimulated by changes in chemical concentrations
-Associated with the sense of smell and taste
-Senses chemical changes
Thermoreceptors - Answer: -Senses temperature changes
-Hot and cold receptors
Nociceptors - Answer: -Pain
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
1
,-Sense tissue damage
Photoreceptors - Answer: -Respond to light
-Light receptors in the eye
Sensation - Answer: -stimulation of sense organs
-interpretation of sensory nerve impulses by the brain as an awareness of external / internal
event
How does sensation occur? - Answer: • Sensory information is carried to the brain on a
sensory nerve pathway
• The interpretation comes from the region of the cortex where it has been interpreted
• The feeling however comes from the receptors being stimulated - "projection"
Role of the thalamus in sensation - Answer: (switch-board) roots sensory information to the
back of the brain for processing
The thalamus receives crude information about: - Answer: o Pain
O Temperature
O Touch
O Proprioceptors
What is reffered pain? - Answer: • Visceral sensory (pain) neurons share somatic pathways
Why does reffered pain occur? - Answer: because both sites are innervated by the same
spinal nerve and it is difficult for brain to differentiate point of origin
-various structures maintain their same embryonic innervation
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
2
,Taste - Answer: -our most intimate sense
-most pleasurable
Taste buds - Answer: -sensory receptors on our tongue within elated projections found
within papillae
-molecules dissolve
4 basic taste sensations - Answer: sweet, sour, bitter, salty
Sweet - Answer: anterior 1/3
Sour - Answer: bilateral sides on tongue
Bitter - Answer: posterior
Cranial nerve for hearing and equilibrium - Answer: •VII - Vestibulocochlear
• Vestibul= balance
• Cochlear= hearing
Outer ear - Answer: • The external part of the ear
• Earlobe also known as ORACLE or the PINNA
• Funnel shaped
• Directs inwardly to the external auditory canal which is how we collect sound waves
Middle ear - Answer: o eardrum/ tympanic cavity
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
3
, O Tympanic membrane
O Auditory ossicles
Auditory tube (eustachian tube) - Answer: Connects the middle ear to the throat; helps
maintain air pressure
Inner tube - Answer: • Set of communicating tubes and chambers - called labyrinth
• Two labyrinths:
O Osseous
O Membranous
Perilymph - Answer: fluid contained in the labyrinth of the inner ear
Endolymph - Answer: fluid within the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear
Semicircular canals - Answer: • Lay at right angles to each other
• Different planes
• Equilibrium
Chochlea - Answer: • Snail shaped
• Collection of spaces and membranes
• "origin of corti"
• Functions of sound transmission
Pathway of sound through the ear - Answer: pinna, tympanic membrane, middle ear,
cochlea
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
4
