UMass Psych 350 Exam 3 Questions and
Answers Graded A+
4 Components of Emotion - Correct answer-1) Subjective FEELINGS (ex: fear,
elation)
2) PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES to emotions (ex: adrenaline, heart rate,
sweating)
3) THOUGHTS that accompany feelings (ex: how to escape or approach)
4) Desire to take ACTION (ex: fight or flight
When do primary emotions, complex emotions, and further complex emotions
develop? - Correct answer-Primary emotions (birth-6 months): contentment/joy,
interest/surprise, distress/anger/sadness/fear.
Complex emotions: (6 months-2 years): simple embarrassment, envy, empathy
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,Further complex emotions (2 years onward): complex embarrassment, pride,
shame, guilt
Positive Emotions (Smiling, Happiness) - Correct answer-Smiling: 1st month-
smiling, but limited. Reflexive. 3rd month- social smiles. Encourage care.
Happiness: 2nd month- smile when control event. 7th month- smile more at
familiar people.
Self-Conscious Emotions and Self-Recognition (Mirror Task) - Correct answer-
These emotions include pride, guilt, shame, embarrassment, etc. To have complex
emotions, you have to know something about yourself.
Mirror task (self-recognition task): put a baby in front of a mirror, put a red mark
on their forehead, and see if they react like a dog would (sees reflection as new
dog) or how we would.
Findings: at younger than 18 months, the baby wouldn't know the image in the
mirror is a reflection. Doesn't see the connection with the red mark.
By 18 months, the child's awareness changes. They see the red dot, realize the
connection and try to get the red dot off their forehead.
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, Complex Emotions (Guilt and Shame) and Raggedy Ann Doll Experiment -
Correct answer-Guilt: associated with empathy for others
(remorse, regret, wanting to make up for their wrongdoing). Shame: focus on self,
rather than concern for others (may feel like hiding, etc).
Raggedy Ann Doll Experiment: 2 year olds allowed to play with "rigged" doll.
Adult left room, doll's leg would "accidentally" fall off. When adult returned... 1)
some showed shame (avoided the adult, didn't tell). 2) some showed guilt (did not
avoid, told immediately, tried to repair the doll).
Facial Expressions - Correct answer-Indicate internal feelings; help others predict
our behavior. Identified with "FACS"- Facial Action Coding System (each emotion
corresponds to distinct muscle combo. Works less effectively with babies because
their face fat obscures the muscles involved. As well, focusing on facial
expressions may overestimate infants' emotional lives.
Discrete Emotions Theory - Correct answer-Discrete Emotions Theory: States that
emotions are innate, each emotion associated with a specific set of bodily and
facial reaction, and emotions are distinct- even early in life. Theory relies on the
six basic emotions: joy, anger, sadness, disgust, surprise, fear.
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Answers Graded A+
4 Components of Emotion - Correct answer-1) Subjective FEELINGS (ex: fear,
elation)
2) PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES to emotions (ex: adrenaline, heart rate,
sweating)
3) THOUGHTS that accompany feelings (ex: how to escape or approach)
4) Desire to take ACTION (ex: fight or flight
When do primary emotions, complex emotions, and further complex emotions
develop? - Correct answer-Primary emotions (birth-6 months): contentment/joy,
interest/surprise, distress/anger/sadness/fear.
Complex emotions: (6 months-2 years): simple embarrassment, envy, empathy
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,Further complex emotions (2 years onward): complex embarrassment, pride,
shame, guilt
Positive Emotions (Smiling, Happiness) - Correct answer-Smiling: 1st month-
smiling, but limited. Reflexive. 3rd month- social smiles. Encourage care.
Happiness: 2nd month- smile when control event. 7th month- smile more at
familiar people.
Self-Conscious Emotions and Self-Recognition (Mirror Task) - Correct answer-
These emotions include pride, guilt, shame, embarrassment, etc. To have complex
emotions, you have to know something about yourself.
Mirror task (self-recognition task): put a baby in front of a mirror, put a red mark
on their forehead, and see if they react like a dog would (sees reflection as new
dog) or how we would.
Findings: at younger than 18 months, the baby wouldn't know the image in the
mirror is a reflection. Doesn't see the connection with the red mark.
By 18 months, the child's awareness changes. They see the red dot, realize the
connection and try to get the red dot off their forehead.
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, Complex Emotions (Guilt and Shame) and Raggedy Ann Doll Experiment -
Correct answer-Guilt: associated with empathy for others
(remorse, regret, wanting to make up for their wrongdoing). Shame: focus on self,
rather than concern for others (may feel like hiding, etc).
Raggedy Ann Doll Experiment: 2 year olds allowed to play with "rigged" doll.
Adult left room, doll's leg would "accidentally" fall off. When adult returned... 1)
some showed shame (avoided the adult, didn't tell). 2) some showed guilt (did not
avoid, told immediately, tried to repair the doll).
Facial Expressions - Correct answer-Indicate internal feelings; help others predict
our behavior. Identified with "FACS"- Facial Action Coding System (each emotion
corresponds to distinct muscle combo. Works less effectively with babies because
their face fat obscures the muscles involved. As well, focusing on facial
expressions may overestimate infants' emotional lives.
Discrete Emotions Theory - Correct answer-Discrete Emotions Theory: States that
emotions are innate, each emotion associated with a specific set of bodily and
facial reaction, and emotions are distinct- even early in life. Theory relies on the
six basic emotions: joy, anger, sadness, disgust, surprise, fear.
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