x
Whizznurse@2024x
,x
TEST BANK FOR
x x xx
GordisxEpidemiologyx7thxEditionxCelentanoxx
Chapterx01:xIntroductionx
MULTIPLExCHOICEx
x
1.xWhichxofxthexfollowingxisxanxexamplexofxtertiaryxprevention?x
x
a. Vaccinationxforxrotavirusxforxchildrenxyoungerxthanxthexagexofx1xyearx
b. Surgicalxamputationxofxanxextremityxwithxosteosarcomax(bonexcancer)x
c. Screeningxforxgestationalxdiabetesxafterx24xweeksxofxpregnancyx
d. Sexualxeducationxprogramxinxelementaryxschoolsx
e. Increasingxtaxesxforxbuyingxcigarettesx
ANS:xBx
Surgicalxamputationxofxanxextremityxwithxosteosarcomax(bonexcancer)xisxanxexamplexinxwhichxw
henxaxdiseasexisxpresentxthextreatmentx(amputation)xisxdonextoxreducextheximpactxofxdiseasexbyxpr
eventingxthextumorxfromxdissemination.xVaccinationxforxrotavirusxforxchildrenxyoungerxthanxthex
agexofx1xyear,xsexualxeducationxprogramxinxelementaryxschools,xandxincreasingxtaxesxforxbuyingx
cigarettesxrepresentxexamplesxofxprimaryxprevention.xScreeningxforxgestationalxdiabetesxafterx24
xweeksxofxpregnancyxisxanxexamplexofxsecondaryxprevention.x
N R I G B . C M
2.xThisxhistoricxcharacterxobserved tUha txSch ilNdb eTdx fe ve rxOm ortalityxwasx
morexcommonxamongxwomenxtreatedxbyxphysiciansxandxmedicalxstudentsxcomparedxwithxwom
enxtreatedxbyxmidwives.xBasedxonxhisxobservations,xheximplementedxaxhandxwashxpolicyxthatxres
ultedxinxaxdecreasexinxmortality.xNamexthexcharacterxthatxwexarextalkingxabout.x
x
a. JohnxSnowx
b. EdwardxJennerx
c. D.A.xHendersonx
d. LeonxGordisx
e. IgnazxSemmelweisx
ANS:xEx
IgnazxSemmelweisxidentifiedxthatxmedicalxstudentsxandxphysiciansxtransmittedxthexdiseasexbyxn
otxwashingxtheirxhandsxafterxexaminingxbodiesxatxautopsiesxandxconductingxmultiplexexaminatio
nsxinxthexclinic.x
x
3.xThanksxtoxthexcontributionsxofxEdwardxJenner,xthexfollowingxdiseasexwasxeradicatedxlaterxbyxe
ffortsxorganizedxbyxD.A.xHenderson:x
x
a. Cholerax
b. Smallpoxx
Whizznurse@2024x
,x
c. Chickenpoxx
d. Poliox
x
e. Zikax
x
x
ANS:xBx
x
Smallpoxxwasxeradicatedxinx1980.xEdwardxJennerxvaccinatedxJamesxPhippsxinx1796xagainstxs
mallpox.xAlmostx200xyearsxlater,xthexWorldxHealthxOrganizationx(WHO)xcommissionedxD.
A.xHendersonxtoxleadxthexeffortsxtoxeradicatexthexdisease.x
x
4.xOverxthexpastxcentury,xaxmarkedxdeclinexinxthexmortalityxratesxofxmanyxinfectiousxdiseasesxhas
xbeenxobserved.xWhichxofxthexfollowingxisxthexmostxlikelyxreasonxforxthexobservedxdeclinexinxmo
rtalityxratesxfromxcommonxinfectiousxdiseases?x
x
a. Developmentxofxpenicillinx
b. Developmentxofxinsulinx
c. Developmentxofxvaccinesx
d. Improvementxinxsocialxconditionsx
e. Worsexsanitationxandxunsafexwaterx
ANS:xDx
Althoughxmedicalxtreatmentsxpotentiallyxhelpedxinxthexdecreasexofxinfectiousxdiseases,xthexa
dvancementxinxsocialxconditionsxplayedxaxmajorxrole.xTheseximprovementsxincludexbetterxsa
nitation,xsafexdisposalxofxwaste,xbetterxnutrition,xandximprovementxinxhousingxconditions.x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Chapter 02: The Dynamics of Disease Transmission
x x x x x x x
x
Celentano:xGordisxEpidemiology,x7thxEditionx
MULTIPLExCHOICEx
x
1.xWhichxtermxmostxaccuratelyxdescribesxthexfollowingxdefinition?x“Thexoccurrencexinxaxcomm
unityxorxregionxofxcasesxofxanxillness,xspecificxhealth-relatedxbehavior,xorxotherxhealth-
xrelatedxeventsxclearlyxinxexcessxofxnormalxexpectancy.”x[PortaxM,xed.xAxDictionaryxofxEpidemio
logy.xNewxYork:xOxfordxUniversityxPress;x2014.]x
x
a. Endemicx
b. Epidemicx
c. Pandemicx
d. Attackxratex
e. Incubationxperiodx
Whizznurse@2024x
, x
ANS:xBx
Anxepidemicxisxthexoccurrencexofxhealth-
relatedxeventsxinxaxcommunityxorxregion,xinxclearxexcessxofxnormalxexpectation.xEndemicxisxnotxt
ruexbecausexitxisxdefinedxasxthexconstantxoccurrencexofxaxdisease,xdisorder,xorxnoxiousxinfectiousx
agentxinxaxgeographicxareaxorxpopulationxgroup.xPandemicxisxnotxtruexbecausexitxisxdefinedxasxanx
N R
epidemicxoccurringxoverxaxveryxwidexarea,xcrossingxinternatio nU alx bS ou nN da rT ie
x x
I x
G x
B
.Cs, an dOusually affecting a large number of people. Attack rate is not true because it is defi
x x
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
nedxasxnumberxofxpeoplexatxriskxinxwhomxaxcertainxillnessxdevelopsxoverxtotalxnumberxofxpeoplex
atxrisk.xIncubationxperiodxisxnotxtruexbecausexitxisxthexintervalxfromxreceiptxofxinfectionxtoxthextim
exofxonsetxofxclinicalxillnessx(thexonsetxofxrecognizablexsymptoms).x
x
2.xWhatxisxthexmostxaccuratexdefinitionxofxthexincubationxperiodx(ofxanxinfectiousxdisease)?x
x
a. Thextimexofxonsetxofxclinicalxillnessxorxthexonsetxofxrecognizablexsymptomsx
b. Thexintervalxfromxreceiptxofxinfectionxtoxthextimexofxonsetxofxclinicalxillnessx(thexonsetxofxreco
gnizablexsymptoms)x
c. Thextimexofxinvasionxbyxanxinfectiousxagentx
d. Thextimexbetweenxinitiationxofxinfectionxandxfirstxsheddingxorxexcretionxofxthexagentx
e. Thexperiodxbetweenxexposurexandxthexonsetxofxinfectiousnessx
ANS:xBx
Thexincubationxperiodxisxdefinedxasxthexintervalxfromxreceiptxofxinfectionxtoxthextimexofxonsetxofx
clinicalxillnessx(thexonsetxofxrecognizablexsymptoms);xinxotherxwords,xthextimexbetweenxthexmo
mentxofxdevelopingxsymptomsxandxthexmomentxofxinvasionxbyxanxinfectiousxagent.x“Thextimexof
xonsetxofxclinicalxillnessxorxthexonsetxofxrecognizablexsymptoms”xisxnotxtruexasxitxcorrespondsxtox
“timexofxonset.”x“Thextimexofxinvasionxbyxanxinfectiousxagent”xisxnotxtruexasxitxcorrespondsxtox“ti
mexofxinfection.”x“Thextimexbetweenxinitiationxofxinfectionxandxfirstxsheddingxorxexcretionxofxth
exagent”xandx“Thexperiodxbetweenxexposurexandxthexonsetxofxinfectiousness”xarexnotxtruexasxthey
xcorrespondxtoxthexlatentxperiod.x(Thexlatentxperiodxisxfocusingxonxthexonsetxofxinfectiousness,xbu
txthexincubationxperiodxisxfocusingxonxthexonsetxofxthexsymptom.)x
x
3.xTherexwasxaxfoodxpoisoningxoutbreakxonxAprilx1,x2018,xatxthexCityxZxFoodxSafetyxConference
.xTherexwerex1,000xpeoplexregisteredxforxthexconferencexwithxluncheon,x100xvolunteersxtoxhostxa
ttendees,xandx50xpeoplexwhoxservedxthexluncheonxduringxthexconference.xExceptxforx50xpeoplex
whoxservedxthexfood,xallxofxthexparticipantsxandxvolunteersxatexthexfoodxfromxthexluncheonxatxthe
xconferencexonxAprilx1,x2018.xBasedxonlyxonxthexinformationxgivenxinxthisxquestion,xhowxmanyx
peoplexarexatxriskxinxthisxfoodxpoisoningxoutbreak?x
x
a. 1,000x
b. 1,100x
c. 1,150x
d. 150x
e. 50x
ANS:xBx
Peoplexatxriskxinxthisxoutbreakxarexpeoplexwhoxwerexexposedxtoxthexfoodxatxthexconference.xEvenx
thoughx1,150xpeoplexwerexatxthexconference,x50xpeoplexwhoxservedxthexfoodxdidxnotxeatxthexfood
.xThereforexwexhavextoxexcludexthosex50xpeople.x
Whizznurse@2024x
Whizznurse@2024x
,x
TEST BANK FOR
x x xx
GordisxEpidemiologyx7thxEditionxCelentanoxx
Chapterx01:xIntroductionx
MULTIPLExCHOICEx
x
1.xWhichxofxthexfollowingxisxanxexamplexofxtertiaryxprevention?x
x
a. Vaccinationxforxrotavirusxforxchildrenxyoungerxthanxthexagexofx1xyearx
b. Surgicalxamputationxofxanxextremityxwithxosteosarcomax(bonexcancer)x
c. Screeningxforxgestationalxdiabetesxafterx24xweeksxofxpregnancyx
d. Sexualxeducationxprogramxinxelementaryxschoolsx
e. Increasingxtaxesxforxbuyingxcigarettesx
ANS:xBx
Surgicalxamputationxofxanxextremityxwithxosteosarcomax(bonexcancer)xisxanxexamplexinxwhichxw
henxaxdiseasexisxpresentxthextreatmentx(amputation)xisxdonextoxreducextheximpactxofxdiseasexbyxpr
eventingxthextumorxfromxdissemination.xVaccinationxforxrotavirusxforxchildrenxyoungerxthanxthex
agexofx1xyear,xsexualxeducationxprogramxinxelementaryxschools,xandxincreasingxtaxesxforxbuyingx
cigarettesxrepresentxexamplesxofxprimaryxprevention.xScreeningxforxgestationalxdiabetesxafterx24
xweeksxofxpregnancyxisxanxexamplexofxsecondaryxprevention.x
N R I G B . C M
2.xThisxhistoricxcharacterxobserved tUha txSch ilNdb eTdx fe ve rxOm ortalityxwasx
morexcommonxamongxwomenxtreatedxbyxphysiciansxandxmedicalxstudentsxcomparedxwithxwom
enxtreatedxbyxmidwives.xBasedxonxhisxobservations,xheximplementedxaxhandxwashxpolicyxthatxres
ultedxinxaxdecreasexinxmortality.xNamexthexcharacterxthatxwexarextalkingxabout.x
x
a. JohnxSnowx
b. EdwardxJennerx
c. D.A.xHendersonx
d. LeonxGordisx
e. IgnazxSemmelweisx
ANS:xEx
IgnazxSemmelweisxidentifiedxthatxmedicalxstudentsxandxphysiciansxtransmittedxthexdiseasexbyxn
otxwashingxtheirxhandsxafterxexaminingxbodiesxatxautopsiesxandxconductingxmultiplexexaminatio
nsxinxthexclinic.x
x
3.xThanksxtoxthexcontributionsxofxEdwardxJenner,xthexfollowingxdiseasexwasxeradicatedxlaterxbyxe
ffortsxorganizedxbyxD.A.xHenderson:x
x
a. Cholerax
b. Smallpoxx
Whizznurse@2024x
,x
c. Chickenpoxx
d. Poliox
x
e. Zikax
x
x
ANS:xBx
x
Smallpoxxwasxeradicatedxinx1980.xEdwardxJennerxvaccinatedxJamesxPhippsxinx1796xagainstxs
mallpox.xAlmostx200xyearsxlater,xthexWorldxHealthxOrganizationx(WHO)xcommissionedxD.
A.xHendersonxtoxleadxthexeffortsxtoxeradicatexthexdisease.x
x
4.xOverxthexpastxcentury,xaxmarkedxdeclinexinxthexmortalityxratesxofxmanyxinfectiousxdiseasesxhas
xbeenxobserved.xWhichxofxthexfollowingxisxthexmostxlikelyxreasonxforxthexobservedxdeclinexinxmo
rtalityxratesxfromxcommonxinfectiousxdiseases?x
x
a. Developmentxofxpenicillinx
b. Developmentxofxinsulinx
c. Developmentxofxvaccinesx
d. Improvementxinxsocialxconditionsx
e. Worsexsanitationxandxunsafexwaterx
ANS:xDx
Althoughxmedicalxtreatmentsxpotentiallyxhelpedxinxthexdecreasexofxinfectiousxdiseases,xthexa
dvancementxinxsocialxconditionsxplayedxaxmajorxrole.xTheseximprovementsxincludexbetterxsa
nitation,xsafexdisposalxofxwaste,xbetterxnutrition,xandximprovementxinxhousingxconditions.x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Chapter 02: The Dynamics of Disease Transmission
x x x x x x x
x
Celentano:xGordisxEpidemiology,x7thxEditionx
MULTIPLExCHOICEx
x
1.xWhichxtermxmostxaccuratelyxdescribesxthexfollowingxdefinition?x“Thexoccurrencexinxaxcomm
unityxorxregionxofxcasesxofxanxillness,xspecificxhealth-relatedxbehavior,xorxotherxhealth-
xrelatedxeventsxclearlyxinxexcessxofxnormalxexpectancy.”x[PortaxM,xed.xAxDictionaryxofxEpidemio
logy.xNewxYork:xOxfordxUniversityxPress;x2014.]x
x
a. Endemicx
b. Epidemicx
c. Pandemicx
d. Attackxratex
e. Incubationxperiodx
Whizznurse@2024x
, x
ANS:xBx
Anxepidemicxisxthexoccurrencexofxhealth-
relatedxeventsxinxaxcommunityxorxregion,xinxclearxexcessxofxnormalxexpectation.xEndemicxisxnotxt
ruexbecausexitxisxdefinedxasxthexconstantxoccurrencexofxaxdisease,xdisorder,xorxnoxiousxinfectiousx
agentxinxaxgeographicxareaxorxpopulationxgroup.xPandemicxisxnotxtruexbecausexitxisxdefinedxasxanx
N R
epidemicxoccurringxoverxaxveryxwidexarea,xcrossingxinternatio nU alx bS ou nN da rT ie
x x
I x
G x
B
.Cs, an dOusually affecting a large number of people. Attack rate is not true because it is defi
x x
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
nedxasxnumberxofxpeoplexatxriskxinxwhomxaxcertainxillnessxdevelopsxoverxtotalxnumberxofxpeoplex
atxrisk.xIncubationxperiodxisxnotxtruexbecausexitxisxthexintervalxfromxreceiptxofxinfectionxtoxthextim
exofxonsetxofxclinicalxillnessx(thexonsetxofxrecognizablexsymptoms).x
x
2.xWhatxisxthexmostxaccuratexdefinitionxofxthexincubationxperiodx(ofxanxinfectiousxdisease)?x
x
a. Thextimexofxonsetxofxclinicalxillnessxorxthexonsetxofxrecognizablexsymptomsx
b. Thexintervalxfromxreceiptxofxinfectionxtoxthextimexofxonsetxofxclinicalxillnessx(thexonsetxofxreco
gnizablexsymptoms)x
c. Thextimexofxinvasionxbyxanxinfectiousxagentx
d. Thextimexbetweenxinitiationxofxinfectionxandxfirstxsheddingxorxexcretionxofxthexagentx
e. Thexperiodxbetweenxexposurexandxthexonsetxofxinfectiousnessx
ANS:xBx
Thexincubationxperiodxisxdefinedxasxthexintervalxfromxreceiptxofxinfectionxtoxthextimexofxonsetxofx
clinicalxillnessx(thexonsetxofxrecognizablexsymptoms);xinxotherxwords,xthextimexbetweenxthexmo
mentxofxdevelopingxsymptomsxandxthexmomentxofxinvasionxbyxanxinfectiousxagent.x“Thextimexof
xonsetxofxclinicalxillnessxorxthexonsetxofxrecognizablexsymptoms”xisxnotxtruexasxitxcorrespondsxtox
“timexofxonset.”x“Thextimexofxinvasionxbyxanxinfectiousxagent”xisxnotxtruexasxitxcorrespondsxtox“ti
mexofxinfection.”x“Thextimexbetweenxinitiationxofxinfectionxandxfirstxsheddingxorxexcretionxofxth
exagent”xandx“Thexperiodxbetweenxexposurexandxthexonsetxofxinfectiousness”xarexnotxtruexasxthey
xcorrespondxtoxthexlatentxperiod.x(Thexlatentxperiodxisxfocusingxonxthexonsetxofxinfectiousness,xbu
txthexincubationxperiodxisxfocusingxonxthexonsetxofxthexsymptom.)x
x
3.xTherexwasxaxfoodxpoisoningxoutbreakxonxAprilx1,x2018,xatxthexCityxZxFoodxSafetyxConference
.xTherexwerex1,000xpeoplexregisteredxforxthexconferencexwithxluncheon,x100xvolunteersxtoxhostxa
ttendees,xandx50xpeoplexwhoxservedxthexluncheonxduringxthexconference.xExceptxforx50xpeoplex
whoxservedxthexfood,xallxofxthexparticipantsxandxvolunteersxatexthexfoodxfromxthexluncheonxatxthe
xconferencexonxAprilx1,x2018.xBasedxonlyxonxthexinformationxgivenxinxthisxquestion,xhowxmanyx
peoplexarexatxriskxinxthisxfoodxpoisoningxoutbreak?x
x
a. 1,000x
b. 1,100x
c. 1,150x
d. 150x
e. 50x
ANS:xBx
Peoplexatxriskxinxthisxoutbreakxarexpeoplexwhoxwerexexposedxtoxthexfoodxatxthexconference.xEvenx
thoughx1,150xpeoplexwerexatxthexconference,x50xpeoplexwhoxservedxthexfoodxdidxnotxeatxthexfood
.xThereforexwexhavextoxexcludexthosex50xpeople.x
Whizznurse@2024x
