NR 341 - COMPLEX ADULT HEALTH FINAL | QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS| LATEST EXAM UPDATE 2025/2026
Indication for arterial line placement? -CORRECT ANSWER Hemodynamic
monitoring
Multiple blood samples
Diagnostic or interventional radiology procedures
Continuous cardiac output monitoring
What test must be preformed prior to an arterial line placement? -CORRECT
ANSWER Allen's test
How often should a fast flush test be preformed? -CORRECT ANSWER
Every 8 hours
After blood draws
If the hemodynamic status changes
When changing tubing
What are the most common sites for arterial line insertion? -CORRECT
ANSWER Radial
Femoral
Axillary
Dorsalis Pedis
Brachial Arteries
Positioning for radial arterial line placement: -CORRECT ANSWER 30-60
degrees of dorsiflexion with the aid of a roll of gauze and an armband.
,Avoid hyperabduction of the thumb.
How often should the atrial line catheter be changed out? -CORRECT
ANSWER Every 7 days
Causes of inaccuracy in arterial line readings: -CORRECT ANSWER Air
bubbles in the catheter system
Failure to zero the transducer air-fluid interface
Blood in the catheter system
Blood clot at the catheter tip
Kinking of the tubing system
Catheter tip lodging against the arterial wall
Soft, compliant tubing
Long tubing
Too many stopckcks (>3)
What is the pathology of afterload? -CORRECT ANSWER The pressure in
which the heart must pump against in order to eject blood during systole.
Medications that reduce afterload/preload include? -CORRECT ANSWER
Vasodilators
What is the pathology of preload? -CORRECT ANSWER The filling pressure
of the heart at end of diastole.
What is systemic vascular resistance (SVR)? -CORRECT ANSWER
Resistance the left ventricle must overcome to open the aortic valve and eject a
volume of blood into systemic circulation.
,Systemic vascular resistance (SVR) is used for what calculations? -CORRECT
ANSWER Blood pressure
Blood flow
Cardiac function
What is pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR)? -CORRECT ANSWER
Resistacne the right ventricle must overcome to open the pulmonic valve and
eject a volume of blood in the pulmonary vasculature.
What is pulmonarartery occlusion pressure (PAOP)? -CORRECT ANSWER
The pressure created by the volume of blood that remains in the left heart at
end-diastole.
Inotropic drugs mode of action: -CORRECT ANSWER Negative inotropic
drugs weaken the force of muscular contractions.
Positive inotropic drugs increase the strength of muscular contractions.
Inotropic drug examples: -CORRECT ANSWER Dobutamine
Digoxin
Milrinone
Dopamine
Vasodilator mode of actions: -CORRECT ANSWER Relaxes the smooth
muscles of the blood vessels opening them up.
Vasodilator drug examples: -CORRECT ANSWER CCBS:
Verapamil (Calan, Isoptin)
, Diltiazem (Cardizem)
Atorvastatin (Lipitor)
Nitrates:
Sildenafil (Viagra)
Nitroprusside (Nipride, Nitropress)
ACE:
Captopril (Capoten)
Lisinopril (Prinivil, Zestril)
Kayexalate -CORRECT ANSWER Exchanges K+ ions for Na+
Excess K+ ions are fecally excreted
Calcium Gluconate -CORRECT ANSWER Prevents and treats cardiac toxicity
related to increased K+ levels
What is the purpose of Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT)? -
CORRECT ANSWER Dialysis
This is a blood filtering therapy that replaced the normal blood-filtering
function of the kidneys in patients with renal failure and acute kidney injuries.
The prerenal system -CORRECT ANSWER Delivers blood to the kidneys.
A prerenal block is: -CORRECT ANSWER An interruption on the way to the
kidneys.
The intrarenal system -CORRECT ANSWER Processes ultra-filtrate by
tubular secretion & re-absorption.
ANSWERS| LATEST EXAM UPDATE 2025/2026
Indication for arterial line placement? -CORRECT ANSWER Hemodynamic
monitoring
Multiple blood samples
Diagnostic or interventional radiology procedures
Continuous cardiac output monitoring
What test must be preformed prior to an arterial line placement? -CORRECT
ANSWER Allen's test
How often should a fast flush test be preformed? -CORRECT ANSWER
Every 8 hours
After blood draws
If the hemodynamic status changes
When changing tubing
What are the most common sites for arterial line insertion? -CORRECT
ANSWER Radial
Femoral
Axillary
Dorsalis Pedis
Brachial Arteries
Positioning for radial arterial line placement: -CORRECT ANSWER 30-60
degrees of dorsiflexion with the aid of a roll of gauze and an armband.
,Avoid hyperabduction of the thumb.
How often should the atrial line catheter be changed out? -CORRECT
ANSWER Every 7 days
Causes of inaccuracy in arterial line readings: -CORRECT ANSWER Air
bubbles in the catheter system
Failure to zero the transducer air-fluid interface
Blood in the catheter system
Blood clot at the catheter tip
Kinking of the tubing system
Catheter tip lodging against the arterial wall
Soft, compliant tubing
Long tubing
Too many stopckcks (>3)
What is the pathology of afterload? -CORRECT ANSWER The pressure in
which the heart must pump against in order to eject blood during systole.
Medications that reduce afterload/preload include? -CORRECT ANSWER
Vasodilators
What is the pathology of preload? -CORRECT ANSWER The filling pressure
of the heart at end of diastole.
What is systemic vascular resistance (SVR)? -CORRECT ANSWER
Resistance the left ventricle must overcome to open the aortic valve and eject a
volume of blood into systemic circulation.
,Systemic vascular resistance (SVR) is used for what calculations? -CORRECT
ANSWER Blood pressure
Blood flow
Cardiac function
What is pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR)? -CORRECT ANSWER
Resistacne the right ventricle must overcome to open the pulmonic valve and
eject a volume of blood in the pulmonary vasculature.
What is pulmonarartery occlusion pressure (PAOP)? -CORRECT ANSWER
The pressure created by the volume of blood that remains in the left heart at
end-diastole.
Inotropic drugs mode of action: -CORRECT ANSWER Negative inotropic
drugs weaken the force of muscular contractions.
Positive inotropic drugs increase the strength of muscular contractions.
Inotropic drug examples: -CORRECT ANSWER Dobutamine
Digoxin
Milrinone
Dopamine
Vasodilator mode of actions: -CORRECT ANSWER Relaxes the smooth
muscles of the blood vessels opening them up.
Vasodilator drug examples: -CORRECT ANSWER CCBS:
Verapamil (Calan, Isoptin)
, Diltiazem (Cardizem)
Atorvastatin (Lipitor)
Nitrates:
Sildenafil (Viagra)
Nitroprusside (Nipride, Nitropress)
ACE:
Captopril (Capoten)
Lisinopril (Prinivil, Zestril)
Kayexalate -CORRECT ANSWER Exchanges K+ ions for Na+
Excess K+ ions are fecally excreted
Calcium Gluconate -CORRECT ANSWER Prevents and treats cardiac toxicity
related to increased K+ levels
What is the purpose of Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT)? -
CORRECT ANSWER Dialysis
This is a blood filtering therapy that replaced the normal blood-filtering
function of the kidneys in patients with renal failure and acute kidney injuries.
The prerenal system -CORRECT ANSWER Delivers blood to the kidneys.
A prerenal block is: -CORRECT ANSWER An interruption on the way to the
kidneys.
The intrarenal system -CORRECT ANSWER Processes ultra-filtrate by
tubular secretion & re-absorption.
