NDFS 100 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
DRI - Answer -Dietary Reference Intake
Sets values for all the vitamins and minerals, as well as for carbohydrates, fiber, lipids,
protein, water, and energy.
1 cup - Answer -8 fluid ounces
4 cups - Answer -1 quart
3 teaspoons - Answer -1 tablespoon
4 tablespoons - Answer -1/4 cup
1 ounce - Answer -28.35 grams or approximately 28 grams
16 ounces - Answer -1 pound
2.2 pounds - Answer -1 kilogram
454 grams - Answer -1 pound
1 gram - Answer -1,000 milligrams
1,000 milligrams - Answer -1,000,000 micrograms
RDA - Answer -Recommended Dietary Allowances
Adequacy. Nutrient intake goals for individuals; the average daily nutrient intake level
that meets the needs of nearly all (97-98%) of the HEALTHY people in a particular life
stage and gender group.
AI - Answer -Adequate Intake
Adequacy. Nutrient intake goals for individuals; the recommended average daily nutrient
intake level based on intakes of healthy people in a particular life stage and gender
group and *assumed* to be adequate. Set when scientific data are insufficient to allow
establishment of an RDA value.
This is typically the number given for *children* because there is less research with
children because they are a vulnerable population.
UL - Answer -Tolerable Upper Intake Levels
,Safety. The highest average daily nutrient intake level that is likely to pose no risk of
toxicity to almost all healthy individuals of a particular life stage and gender group.
Even when they set a UL, there is a buffer (marginal) before it becomes toxic.
EAR - Answer -Estimated Average Requirements
Research and policy.
The average daily nutrient intake *estimated* to meet the needs of *half* of the healthy
individuals in a particular life stage and gender group; is used in nutrition research and
policy making and is the basis upon which RDA values are set.
AMDR - Answer -Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges
Healthful ranges for energy-yielding nutrients.
Values for carbohydrate, fat, and protein expressed as percentages of total daily caloric
intake; ranges of intakes set for the energy-yielding nutrients that are sufficient to
provide adequate total energy and nutrients while minimizing the risk of chronic
diseases.
AMDR ranges - Answer -1. 45-65% of calories from carbohydrate.
2. 20-35% of calories from fat.
3. 10-35% of calories from protein.
RDA Energy (AMDR) are: - Answer -1. Based on a reference person
2. Use chart to look up reference for: 19-30 year old female (height, weight, calories)
and male (height, weight, calories)
3. Other ways to determine individual calorie needs
The DRI (the umbrella term for all of the individual recommendations) tells you these
three things: - Answer -1. How much of what nutrient
2. Per unique person
3. How scientists arrive at the conclusion of those numbers
Establighing the DRIs using the Scientific Method:
Early Observation and Study: *Niacin* Example: pelle agra disease - Answer -1st
hypothesis: germ, 2nd: diet. Poor got it more than the wealthy. Corn-eaters (except
South America). Dr. Joseph Goldberger looked at orphanges with higher rates of pelle
agre. The high protein (experimental) group got milk, buttermilk, eggs, dried beans, etc.
and didn't get any more pelle agra. Did the same things in Saratorium with protein
experiment. Then Dr. Conrad did research on dogs, found that if he gave them niacin
acid, pelle agre went away.
,Basically, found that it was actually a *Niacin deficiency*.
Updating the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) - Answer -1. Updated every 5
years by the US Department of Health and Human Services (DHSS) and the US
Department of Agriculture (USDA)
2. Most recent released March 2016 (It's the 8th edition: 2015-2020).
3. Scientists have a committee to create the new guidelines based on science/research.
Goals of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans - Answer -1. Improve health
2. Reduce chronic disease/Increase longevity (and reduce length of disease?)
3. Improve health care costs
The 5 Dietary Guidelines: - Answer -1. Follow a healthy eating pattern across the
lifespan.
2. Focus on variety, nutrient density, and amount.
3. Limit calories from added sugars and saturated fats and reduce sodium.
4. Shift to healthier food and beverage choices.
5. Support healthy eating patterns for all.
**Refer to page S-2.3 in the packet.
A healthy eating pattern includes: - Answer -1. Vegetables (all subgroups: 1. dark
greens 2. red and orange 3. legumes 4. starchy 5. other)
2. Fruits (whole fruits over juice)
3. Grains (at least 1/2 are whole grains)
4. Dairy
5. Protein
6. Oils (to get essential fatty acids) *Oils are NOT solid fat*
A healthy eating pattern limits: - Answer -1. Saturated and trans fat
2. Added sugars
, 3. Sodium
3 Healthy USDA Eating Patterns - Answer -1. Healthy US-style Eating Pattern (what we
use in the course)
2. Healthy Vegetarian Eating Pattern
3. Healthy Mediterranean-Style Eating Pattern
Tool: USDA Eating Pattern Current Version: My Plate - Answer -Labeled icons,
established in 2011, Doesn't list sugars/fats.
Choose My Plate - Answer -
Connecting Tools - Answer -1. DRI (4 large books-science and evidence for how they
got the numbers)
2. Dietary Guidelines for Americans (Broad Principles)
3. Consumer Education-My Plate (The actual eating plan)
2400 kcal level - Answer -1. Fruit: 2 cups
2. Vegetables: 3 cups
3. Grains: 8 oz
4. Protein Foods: 6 1/2 oz
5. Dairy (book calls it milk): 3 cups
6. Oils: 7 tsp
7. Calories for other uses (AKA solid fat, added sugar): 350 Kcals
2400 Kcal Level: Fruit - Answer -2 cups
2400 Kcal Level: Vegetables - Answer -3 cups
2400 Kcal Level: Grains - Answer -8 oz
2400 Kcal Level: Protein Foods - Answer -6 1/2 oz
2400 Kcal Level: Dairy (Milk) - Answer -3 cups
2400 Kcal Level: Oils - Answer -7 tsp
DRI - Answer -Dietary Reference Intake
Sets values for all the vitamins and minerals, as well as for carbohydrates, fiber, lipids,
protein, water, and energy.
1 cup - Answer -8 fluid ounces
4 cups - Answer -1 quart
3 teaspoons - Answer -1 tablespoon
4 tablespoons - Answer -1/4 cup
1 ounce - Answer -28.35 grams or approximately 28 grams
16 ounces - Answer -1 pound
2.2 pounds - Answer -1 kilogram
454 grams - Answer -1 pound
1 gram - Answer -1,000 milligrams
1,000 milligrams - Answer -1,000,000 micrograms
RDA - Answer -Recommended Dietary Allowances
Adequacy. Nutrient intake goals for individuals; the average daily nutrient intake level
that meets the needs of nearly all (97-98%) of the HEALTHY people in a particular life
stage and gender group.
AI - Answer -Adequate Intake
Adequacy. Nutrient intake goals for individuals; the recommended average daily nutrient
intake level based on intakes of healthy people in a particular life stage and gender
group and *assumed* to be adequate. Set when scientific data are insufficient to allow
establishment of an RDA value.
This is typically the number given for *children* because there is less research with
children because they are a vulnerable population.
UL - Answer -Tolerable Upper Intake Levels
,Safety. The highest average daily nutrient intake level that is likely to pose no risk of
toxicity to almost all healthy individuals of a particular life stage and gender group.
Even when they set a UL, there is a buffer (marginal) before it becomes toxic.
EAR - Answer -Estimated Average Requirements
Research and policy.
The average daily nutrient intake *estimated* to meet the needs of *half* of the healthy
individuals in a particular life stage and gender group; is used in nutrition research and
policy making and is the basis upon which RDA values are set.
AMDR - Answer -Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges
Healthful ranges for energy-yielding nutrients.
Values for carbohydrate, fat, and protein expressed as percentages of total daily caloric
intake; ranges of intakes set for the energy-yielding nutrients that are sufficient to
provide adequate total energy and nutrients while minimizing the risk of chronic
diseases.
AMDR ranges - Answer -1. 45-65% of calories from carbohydrate.
2. 20-35% of calories from fat.
3. 10-35% of calories from protein.
RDA Energy (AMDR) are: - Answer -1. Based on a reference person
2. Use chart to look up reference for: 19-30 year old female (height, weight, calories)
and male (height, weight, calories)
3. Other ways to determine individual calorie needs
The DRI (the umbrella term for all of the individual recommendations) tells you these
three things: - Answer -1. How much of what nutrient
2. Per unique person
3. How scientists arrive at the conclusion of those numbers
Establighing the DRIs using the Scientific Method:
Early Observation and Study: *Niacin* Example: pelle agra disease - Answer -1st
hypothesis: germ, 2nd: diet. Poor got it more than the wealthy. Corn-eaters (except
South America). Dr. Joseph Goldberger looked at orphanges with higher rates of pelle
agre. The high protein (experimental) group got milk, buttermilk, eggs, dried beans, etc.
and didn't get any more pelle agra. Did the same things in Saratorium with protein
experiment. Then Dr. Conrad did research on dogs, found that if he gave them niacin
acid, pelle agre went away.
,Basically, found that it was actually a *Niacin deficiency*.
Updating the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) - Answer -1. Updated every 5
years by the US Department of Health and Human Services (DHSS) and the US
Department of Agriculture (USDA)
2. Most recent released March 2016 (It's the 8th edition: 2015-2020).
3. Scientists have a committee to create the new guidelines based on science/research.
Goals of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans - Answer -1. Improve health
2. Reduce chronic disease/Increase longevity (and reduce length of disease?)
3. Improve health care costs
The 5 Dietary Guidelines: - Answer -1. Follow a healthy eating pattern across the
lifespan.
2. Focus on variety, nutrient density, and amount.
3. Limit calories from added sugars and saturated fats and reduce sodium.
4. Shift to healthier food and beverage choices.
5. Support healthy eating patterns for all.
**Refer to page S-2.3 in the packet.
A healthy eating pattern includes: - Answer -1. Vegetables (all subgroups: 1. dark
greens 2. red and orange 3. legumes 4. starchy 5. other)
2. Fruits (whole fruits over juice)
3. Grains (at least 1/2 are whole grains)
4. Dairy
5. Protein
6. Oils (to get essential fatty acids) *Oils are NOT solid fat*
A healthy eating pattern limits: - Answer -1. Saturated and trans fat
2. Added sugars
, 3. Sodium
3 Healthy USDA Eating Patterns - Answer -1. Healthy US-style Eating Pattern (what we
use in the course)
2. Healthy Vegetarian Eating Pattern
3. Healthy Mediterranean-Style Eating Pattern
Tool: USDA Eating Pattern Current Version: My Plate - Answer -Labeled icons,
established in 2011, Doesn't list sugars/fats.
Choose My Plate - Answer -
Connecting Tools - Answer -1. DRI (4 large books-science and evidence for how they
got the numbers)
2. Dietary Guidelines for Americans (Broad Principles)
3. Consumer Education-My Plate (The actual eating plan)
2400 kcal level - Answer -1. Fruit: 2 cups
2. Vegetables: 3 cups
3. Grains: 8 oz
4. Protein Foods: 6 1/2 oz
5. Dairy (book calls it milk): 3 cups
6. Oils: 7 tsp
7. Calories for other uses (AKA solid fat, added sugar): 350 Kcals
2400 Kcal Level: Fruit - Answer -2 cups
2400 Kcal Level: Vegetables - Answer -3 cups
2400 Kcal Level: Grains - Answer -8 oz
2400 Kcal Level: Protein Foods - Answer -6 1/2 oz
2400 Kcal Level: Dairy (Milk) - Answer -3 cups
2400 Kcal Level: Oils - Answer -7 tsp
