PCN 107 MIDTERM EXAM COMPLETE
QUESTIONS WITH 100% OUTLINED
ANSWERS
\Q\.3 parts of Freud's topographic model - ANSWER-✔Conscious: thoughts you are currently
aware of
Preconscious: stored information that you can retrieve if desired
Unconscious: thoughts, feelings, and desires you cannot access under most circumstances,
although they may be accessed through specific techniques
\Q\.3 parts of Freud's structural model - ANSWER-✔The Id: the raw, unorganized, inborn part of
the personality whose sole purpose is to reduce tension created by primitive drives related to
hunger, sex, aggression, and irrational impulses. Apparent in infancy. Based on the pleasure
principle.
The Ego: the part of the personality that provides a buffer between the Id and the outside
world. Apparent at 2 years old. Based on the reality principle.
The Superego: demands and values of society. The final personality structure to develop.
Represents values of parents, educators, and society at large. Apparent at 5 years old. Absorbs
the values of family and society. Primary tool is guilt.
\Q\.Defense Mechanisms - ANSWER-✔unconscious strategies that people use to reduce anxiety
by concealing its source from themselves and others
\Q\.Types of defense mechanisms - ANSWER-✔1. Repression: pushing the undesirable
unconscious material out of the conscious thought
, 2. Sublimation: channeling threatening impulses into socially acceptable actions - can be socially
rewarding
3. Displacement: channeling impulses onto non-threatening objects
4. Denial: refusing to accept that certain facts exist
5. Reaction Formation: eliminating the unconscious conflicts by acting in opposition to the
unconscious desire
6. Intellectualization: handling threatening material by removing all of the emotional content
before it reaches the unconscious level
7. Projection: attributing unconscious impulses to other people rather than recognize them in
the self
\Q\.4 stages of psychosexual development - ANSWER-✔oral, anal, phallic, and latency stages
\Q\.Oral stage - ANSWER-✔deals with the inability to trust oneself and others, resulting in the
fear of loving and forming close relationships and low self-esteem; oral fixations result from
deprivation of oral gratification in infancy
\Q\.Anal stage - ANSWER-✔deals with the inability to recognize and express anger, leading to
the denial of one's own power as a person and the lack of a sense of autonomy; parental
discipline patterns and attitudes have significant consequences for child's later personality
development
\Q\.Phallic stage - ANSWER-✔deals with the inability to fully accept one's sexuality and sexual
feelings, and also to difficulty in accepting oneself as a man or woman; Oedipus complex; how
parents respond, verbally and non-verbally, to child's emerging sexuality has an impact on
sexual attitudes and feelings that child develops
\Q\.Latency stage - ANSWER-✔sexual interests are replaced by interests in school, playmates,
sports, and a range of new activities. This is a time of socialization as child turns outward and
forms relationships with others.
QUESTIONS WITH 100% OUTLINED
ANSWERS
\Q\.3 parts of Freud's topographic model - ANSWER-✔Conscious: thoughts you are currently
aware of
Preconscious: stored information that you can retrieve if desired
Unconscious: thoughts, feelings, and desires you cannot access under most circumstances,
although they may be accessed through specific techniques
\Q\.3 parts of Freud's structural model - ANSWER-✔The Id: the raw, unorganized, inborn part of
the personality whose sole purpose is to reduce tension created by primitive drives related to
hunger, sex, aggression, and irrational impulses. Apparent in infancy. Based on the pleasure
principle.
The Ego: the part of the personality that provides a buffer between the Id and the outside
world. Apparent at 2 years old. Based on the reality principle.
The Superego: demands and values of society. The final personality structure to develop.
Represents values of parents, educators, and society at large. Apparent at 5 years old. Absorbs
the values of family and society. Primary tool is guilt.
\Q\.Defense Mechanisms - ANSWER-✔unconscious strategies that people use to reduce anxiety
by concealing its source from themselves and others
\Q\.Types of defense mechanisms - ANSWER-✔1. Repression: pushing the undesirable
unconscious material out of the conscious thought
, 2. Sublimation: channeling threatening impulses into socially acceptable actions - can be socially
rewarding
3. Displacement: channeling impulses onto non-threatening objects
4. Denial: refusing to accept that certain facts exist
5. Reaction Formation: eliminating the unconscious conflicts by acting in opposition to the
unconscious desire
6. Intellectualization: handling threatening material by removing all of the emotional content
before it reaches the unconscious level
7. Projection: attributing unconscious impulses to other people rather than recognize them in
the self
\Q\.4 stages of psychosexual development - ANSWER-✔oral, anal, phallic, and latency stages
\Q\.Oral stage - ANSWER-✔deals with the inability to trust oneself and others, resulting in the
fear of loving and forming close relationships and low self-esteem; oral fixations result from
deprivation of oral gratification in infancy
\Q\.Anal stage - ANSWER-✔deals with the inability to recognize and express anger, leading to
the denial of one's own power as a person and the lack of a sense of autonomy; parental
discipline patterns and attitudes have significant consequences for child's later personality
development
\Q\.Phallic stage - ANSWER-✔deals with the inability to fully accept one's sexuality and sexual
feelings, and also to difficulty in accepting oneself as a man or woman; Oedipus complex; how
parents respond, verbally and non-verbally, to child's emerging sexuality has an impact on
sexual attitudes and feelings that child develops
\Q\.Latency stage - ANSWER-✔sexual interests are replaced by interests in school, playmates,
sports, and a range of new activities. This is a time of socialization as child turns outward and
forms relationships with others.
