Plant Agriculture Study Guide Questions With 100% Verified Guaranteed Solutions.

Soil - correct answers Mixture of minerals and partially decomposed organic matter Erosion - correct answers Gradual destruction by wind, water, or other natural agents Row crops - correct answers Plants that must be grown in spaced rows Cover crops - correct answers Plants that completely cover the soil, protecting it from wind erosion Windbreaks - correct answers Reducing erosion by wind Undernutrition - correct answers The result of a diet that does not meet an individual's basic energy requirement Malnutrition - correct answers Person with a diet lacking specific micronutrients or macronutrients Famine - correct answers Extreme scarcities of food Irrigation - correct answers Application of water to soil Efficiency (water) - correct answers Percentage of the amount of water withdrawn that actually makes it to the roots of target plants Biological Pests - correct answers any organisms that damage crops and reduce yields Pesticides - correct answers Chemicals that kill or control populations of undesirable organisms Bioaccumulation - correct answers Forming higher and higher concentrations in organisms over a long period of exposure Organic Foods - correct answers Produced without any synthetic pesticides or fertilizer Hydroponics - correct answers Method of growing plants without the use of soil Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) - correct answers Implanting DNA into crops from other species that are resistant Contour Plowing - correct answers Reduces water erosion by planting crops along the slope of the land rather than straight up and down Strip Cropping - correct answers alternates row cropping like corn and cotton with cover crops like oats that completely cover the soil Terracing - correct answers Converts steeply sloped land into a series of flattened areas Kwashiorkor - correct answers Insufficient protein; fluid imbalance in digestive system Anemia - correct answers Lack of iron in the diet; decrease in ability to transport oxygen Goitor - correct answers Lack of Iodine; enlargement of thyroid gland What kind of ecosystem was actually present in the western United States plains during the early European settlers time? - correct answers Shortgrass Prairie Why did the early European settlers have a difficult time farming in the western United States plains? - correct answers Cast iron plows would get stuck and caked with clay stuck in the thick mat of prairie grasses What is the theory "Rain Follows the Plow"? - correct answers The more you plow the more rain you get Is the "Rain Follows the Plow" theory true? - correct answers It is not true What are the four major food staples? - correct answers Sugarcane, corn, rice, wheat What are the two ways in which rocks can be broken down? - correct answers Mechanical erosion and Chemical erosion Mechanical erosion - correct answers physically breaking down of rock by wind and water Chemical erosion - correct answers changes the molecular structure of the soil compounds O horizon - correct answers mostly non-decomposed plant litter (organic material) or humus A horizon (top soil) - correct answers contains a lot of organic matter mixed with minerals B horizon (subsoil) - correct answers made of small particles of clay minerals (very little organic matter) C horizon (substratum) - correct answers contains mostly rocks Parent material (bedrock) - correct answers un weathered layer of rock that the soil was formed from Which is the least severe type of water erosion? - correct answers Splash erosion Which is the most severe type of water erosion? - correct answers Gully erosion What type of erosion is more likely to occur in arid areas (that was behind the Midwest US dust storms of the 1930s)? - correct answers Wind erosion What are the three macronutrients? - correct answers Carbohydrates, lipids (fats), and proteins An example of a carbohydrate is - correct answers corn An example of a lipid is - correct answer soil An example of a protein is - correct answers eggs Malnourishment - correct answers diet lacking (missing) in specific micronutrients or marconutrients subsistence agriculture - correct answers farmers produce to support their families monoculturing - correct answers only a few commercially valuable crops grown to sell furrow irrigation - correct answers large amount of water through parallel channels drip irrigation - correct answers porous tubes above or below ground deliver water to individual plants center pivot irrigation - correct answers rotates around a single point, creating a circle-shaped field inorganic fertilizer - correct answers synthetically made from mined minerals organic fertilizer - correct answers derived from plant and animal matter How does crop rotation and legumes help reduce the need for applying fertilizer every year? - correct answers By forming a mutualistic relationships with nitrogen-fixing bacteria Why has energy use increased in farming since the Green Revolution? - correct answers farming has become mechanized synthetic pesticides - correct answers Man-made chemicals used to kill pests during plant growth; more likely to persist in the environment botanical pesticides - correct answers toxins produced by plants If a pesticide bioaccumulates, what level of a food chain is it most likely to affect? - correct answers secondary, tertiary, quaternary What do fruits and vegetables listed in the "Dirty Dozen" have in common? - correct answers they do not have a protective covering/layer Dirty Dozen - correct answers a list of produce that is more likely to absorb and retain pesticides Cultural controls - correct answers changing farming methods to minimize pest growth Physical/mechanical controls - correct answers barriers or traps Biological controls - correct answers introducing the natural predators, parasites, or competitors to pests Chemical controls - correct answers botanical pesticides Example of GMO crop - correct answers Roundup-Ready corn - resistant to the weed killer roundup (glyphosate)