PHC 6001: Final Exam
I'm conducting a randomized trial and it is essential that my two groups are comparable
by age and gender. The best way to ensure that this happens is to:
a. Randomly assign subjects to treatment groups from the whole population
b. Personally choose exactly which people will be in each treatment group
c. Assign all the women to the treatment group and all the men to the comparison group
d. Stratify by age and gender before randomizing - CORRECT ANSWER-d. Stratify by
age and gender before randomizing
An experimental study was conducted among adults with Type 2 diabetes in order to
determine if a new medication was more effective in reducing blood glucose levels than
the currently used medication. What type of experimental study is this?
a. Individual preventive
b. Individual therapeutic
c. Community preventive
d. Community therapeutic - CORRECT ANSWER-b. Individual therapeutic
The Health Professionals Cohort Study began in 2005 in order to evaluate a series of
hypotheses about men's health relating nutritional factors to the incidence of serious
illnesses such as cancer, heart disease, and other vascular diseases. Every two years,
members of the study will receive surveys with questions about diseases and health-
related topics like smoking, physical activity, and medications taken. The surveys that
ask detailed dietary information will be administered in four-year intervals. What kind of
cohort study is this?
a. Ambidirectional
b. Prospective
c. Experimental
d. Retrospective - CORRECT ANSWER-b. Prospective
Answer "yes" or "no" to state whether a cohort study is best suited for each of the
following scenarios:
a. When little is known about a rare exposure:
b. When little is known about a rare disease:
c. When the study population will be difficult to follow:
d. When you want to learn about multiple effects of an exposure: - CORRECT
ANSWER-a. Yes
b. No
c. No
d. Yes
, T/F: The ideal comparison group in a cohort study would, if possible, consist of exactly
the same individuals in the exposed group had they not been exposed. - CORRECT
ANSWER-True
A current study that examines lead exposure and prenatal outcomes in a group of
women from 1960 to 1980 would be considered what type of cohort study?
a. Retrospective cohort study
b. Prospective cohort study
c. Ambidirectional cohort study
d. Concurrent cohort study - CORRECT ANSWER-a. Retrospective cohort study
It is critical to reduce loss to follow up as much as possible in a cohort study because:
a. Loss to follow-up is a waste of money
b. Loss to follow-up will affect the reputation of the researcher
c. Loss to follow-up can affect the validity of a study - CORRECT ANSWER-c. Loss to
follow-up can affect the validity of a study
You are leading a research team to study the association between infection with Human
Papillomavirus (HPV) and the development of oral cancer in Florida. You opt to carry
out a case-control study. Which of the following is an advantage of this study design
over a cohort study?
a. It provides temporal information on the exposure and outcome
b. It uses relative risk as an outcome measurement
c. It is efficient for rare diseases
d. It is more expensive to conduct than a cohort study - CORRECT ANSWER-c. It is
efficient for rare diseases
You are leading a research team to study the association between infection with Human
Papillomavirus (HPV) and the development of oral cancer in Florida. You opt to carry
out a case-control study. For your Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and oral cancer study,
you are able to recruit cases for your study from the Florida Cancer Registry. All of the
following are ways that you can recruit controls, except:
a. Door-to-door recruitment
b. Randomization of cases
c. Random digit dialing
d. Selection of hospital patients - CORRECT ANSWER-b. Randomization of cases
You are leading a research team to study the association between infection with Human
Papillomavirus (HPV) and the development of oral cancer in Florida. For your Human
Papillomavirus (HPV) and oral cancer study case control study, you enroll 263 cases
and 981 controls. There are 58 of your cases who test positive for HPV and there are
I'm conducting a randomized trial and it is essential that my two groups are comparable
by age and gender. The best way to ensure that this happens is to:
a. Randomly assign subjects to treatment groups from the whole population
b. Personally choose exactly which people will be in each treatment group
c. Assign all the women to the treatment group and all the men to the comparison group
d. Stratify by age and gender before randomizing - CORRECT ANSWER-d. Stratify by
age and gender before randomizing
An experimental study was conducted among adults with Type 2 diabetes in order to
determine if a new medication was more effective in reducing blood glucose levels than
the currently used medication. What type of experimental study is this?
a. Individual preventive
b. Individual therapeutic
c. Community preventive
d. Community therapeutic - CORRECT ANSWER-b. Individual therapeutic
The Health Professionals Cohort Study began in 2005 in order to evaluate a series of
hypotheses about men's health relating nutritional factors to the incidence of serious
illnesses such as cancer, heart disease, and other vascular diseases. Every two years,
members of the study will receive surveys with questions about diseases and health-
related topics like smoking, physical activity, and medications taken. The surveys that
ask detailed dietary information will be administered in four-year intervals. What kind of
cohort study is this?
a. Ambidirectional
b. Prospective
c. Experimental
d. Retrospective - CORRECT ANSWER-b. Prospective
Answer "yes" or "no" to state whether a cohort study is best suited for each of the
following scenarios:
a. When little is known about a rare exposure:
b. When little is known about a rare disease:
c. When the study population will be difficult to follow:
d. When you want to learn about multiple effects of an exposure: - CORRECT
ANSWER-a. Yes
b. No
c. No
d. Yes
, T/F: The ideal comparison group in a cohort study would, if possible, consist of exactly
the same individuals in the exposed group had they not been exposed. - CORRECT
ANSWER-True
A current study that examines lead exposure and prenatal outcomes in a group of
women from 1960 to 1980 would be considered what type of cohort study?
a. Retrospective cohort study
b. Prospective cohort study
c. Ambidirectional cohort study
d. Concurrent cohort study - CORRECT ANSWER-a. Retrospective cohort study
It is critical to reduce loss to follow up as much as possible in a cohort study because:
a. Loss to follow-up is a waste of money
b. Loss to follow-up will affect the reputation of the researcher
c. Loss to follow-up can affect the validity of a study - CORRECT ANSWER-c. Loss to
follow-up can affect the validity of a study
You are leading a research team to study the association between infection with Human
Papillomavirus (HPV) and the development of oral cancer in Florida. You opt to carry
out a case-control study. Which of the following is an advantage of this study design
over a cohort study?
a. It provides temporal information on the exposure and outcome
b. It uses relative risk as an outcome measurement
c. It is efficient for rare diseases
d. It is more expensive to conduct than a cohort study - CORRECT ANSWER-c. It is
efficient for rare diseases
You are leading a research team to study the association between infection with Human
Papillomavirus (HPV) and the development of oral cancer in Florida. You opt to carry
out a case-control study. For your Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and oral cancer study,
you are able to recruit cases for your study from the Florida Cancer Registry. All of the
following are ways that you can recruit controls, except:
a. Door-to-door recruitment
b. Randomization of cases
c. Random digit dialing
d. Selection of hospital patients - CORRECT ANSWER-b. Randomization of cases
You are leading a research team to study the association between infection with Human
Papillomavirus (HPV) and the development of oral cancer in Florida. For your Human
Papillomavirus (HPV) and oral cancer study case control study, you enroll 263 cases
and 981 controls. There are 58 of your cases who test positive for HPV and there are
