Epidemiology PHC 6001: Exam 1
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Chapter 1
PUBLIC HEALTH AND EPIDEMIOLOGY
Disease Frequency
count cases, records. It quantifies how often a disease arises in a population. Its
calculation involves establishing the disease definition, counting cases (numerator), and
determining the size of the underlying population (denominator)
Disease Distribution
who, what, when, where of the disease. It refers to the pattern of disease according to
the characteristics of person (who is getting the disease?), place (where it
occurs), and time (how is it changing over time?)
A determinant is...
a characteristic that influences whether or not the disease occurs. Determinants
of disease can be influenced by the individual, social surroundings, and environment.
How do we identify the cause of a disease?
-Is there an association between EXPOSURE to a risk factor or a personal
characteristic and DEVELOPMENT of disease?
-Is the association causal?
• Descriptive data is important to identifying the causes of disease.
Germ Theory of disease
(1850-1900) Specific organisms cause specific diseases. Resulted from advances in
,science that allowed viruses and bacteria to be visualized, isolated, and used to cause
disease in healthy animals.
These steps were known as Koch Postulates.
One of the 10 great achievements of public health in the 20th century was:
Inclusion of seat belts in all cars
Epidemiologists are interested in learning about:
-The frequency and distribution of diseases
-The causes of disease and ways to control or cure them and
-The causal relationships between diseases
Match the epidemiologist with the work/discovery he is historically known for:
Semmelweis
Hand hygiene and prevention of Puerperal Fever
Lind
Experimental study of diet and scurvy. One of the earliest experimental studies on
treatment of scurvy among sailors.. Consumption of oranges and lemons was most
effective for scurvy tx.
Graunt
Published an analysis of the Bills of Mortality- patterns of mortality and discovered
regularity of deaths and births.
Farr
Combined data on births, marriages, and deaths with census data on the population
size.
Koch
Developed postulates to explain the causes of cholera and TB
, Snow
Believed that Cholera was caused by a "germ" spread through contaminated water.
Shoe leather EPIDEMIOLOGY.
This historic disease theory said that disease was a result of contact with decaying
animal or vegetable matter:
Zyme Theory
Public Health
PH is a multidisciplinary field whose goal is to promote the health of
populations through organized community efforts.
Epidemiology
The study of the distribution and determinants of disease frequency in human
pop's and the application of this study to control health problems. Disease refers
to a broad array of health-related states and events including diseases, injuries,
disabilities, and death.
Chapter 2
MEASURES OF DISEASE FREQUENCY AND POPULATIONS IN EPIDEMIOLOGY
Population
A population is a group of people with a common characterisitic
What are the main objective of Epidemiology?
Is to study the natural course of disease, to determine the extent of disease in a
population, to identify patterns and trends in disease occurrence, to identify
the causes of disease, and to evaluate the effectiveness of measures that prevent
and treat disease.
Fixed population
membership is permanent and defined by an event. Ex. Atomic Bomb survivors
Review Questions and Answers Best
rated A+ Guaranteed Success Latest
Update
Chapter 1
PUBLIC HEALTH AND EPIDEMIOLOGY
Disease Frequency
count cases, records. It quantifies how often a disease arises in a population. Its
calculation involves establishing the disease definition, counting cases (numerator), and
determining the size of the underlying population (denominator)
Disease Distribution
who, what, when, where of the disease. It refers to the pattern of disease according to
the characteristics of person (who is getting the disease?), place (where it
occurs), and time (how is it changing over time?)
A determinant is...
a characteristic that influences whether or not the disease occurs. Determinants
of disease can be influenced by the individual, social surroundings, and environment.
How do we identify the cause of a disease?
-Is there an association between EXPOSURE to a risk factor or a personal
characteristic and DEVELOPMENT of disease?
-Is the association causal?
• Descriptive data is important to identifying the causes of disease.
Germ Theory of disease
(1850-1900) Specific organisms cause specific diseases. Resulted from advances in
,science that allowed viruses and bacteria to be visualized, isolated, and used to cause
disease in healthy animals.
These steps were known as Koch Postulates.
One of the 10 great achievements of public health in the 20th century was:
Inclusion of seat belts in all cars
Epidemiologists are interested in learning about:
-The frequency and distribution of diseases
-The causes of disease and ways to control or cure them and
-The causal relationships between diseases
Match the epidemiologist with the work/discovery he is historically known for:
Semmelweis
Hand hygiene and prevention of Puerperal Fever
Lind
Experimental study of diet and scurvy. One of the earliest experimental studies on
treatment of scurvy among sailors.. Consumption of oranges and lemons was most
effective for scurvy tx.
Graunt
Published an analysis of the Bills of Mortality- patterns of mortality and discovered
regularity of deaths and births.
Farr
Combined data on births, marriages, and deaths with census data on the population
size.
Koch
Developed postulates to explain the causes of cholera and TB
, Snow
Believed that Cholera was caused by a "germ" spread through contaminated water.
Shoe leather EPIDEMIOLOGY.
This historic disease theory said that disease was a result of contact with decaying
animal or vegetable matter:
Zyme Theory
Public Health
PH is a multidisciplinary field whose goal is to promote the health of
populations through organized community efforts.
Epidemiology
The study of the distribution and determinants of disease frequency in human
pop's and the application of this study to control health problems. Disease refers
to a broad array of health-related states and events including diseases, injuries,
disabilities, and death.
Chapter 2
MEASURES OF DISEASE FREQUENCY AND POPULATIONS IN EPIDEMIOLOGY
Population
A population is a group of people with a common characterisitic
What are the main objective of Epidemiology?
Is to study the natural course of disease, to determine the extent of disease in a
population, to identify patterns and trends in disease occurrence, to identify
the causes of disease, and to evaluate the effectiveness of measures that prevent
and treat disease.
Fixed population
membership is permanent and defined by an event. Ex. Atomic Bomb survivors
