UOG PHIL 1010 FINAL EXAM REVIEW QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
ALREADY GRADED A+
Utilitarianism Ans✓✓✓Account of human welfare or utility, Instruction
to maximize utility, giving equal weight to each person's utility
Distinction Between Standard of Rightness and Decision Procedure
Ans✓✓✓People should keep promises and respect rights. Should not be
U-Agents using utilitarian calculations reasons for actions. Promises and
rights should be of such importance that they are incurable to social
interest calculations.
Political Impact of Utilitarianism In Its Early Days vs Contemporary
Society Ans✓✓✓Early Days - practises were the product not reason, but
of feudal superstition, progressive and reform minded, commitment to
secularism and maximization (enhance rights of majority) Contemporary
- surprisingly conformists, rights force majority to accept policies not in
the interest of majority
Rawl's Theory of Justice Ans✓✓✓All social primary goods equally
distributed, Remove inequalities which disadvantage others, Protect
basic liberties.
Original Position Ans✓✓✓Equality as moral persons, No one knows
their place in society (class, social position, fortune in terms of assets,
abilities, intelligence, strengths and so on), Max-Min strategy.
, Primary Goods Ans✓✓✓Certain things needed to pursue the ideal life.
Social Primary Goods - directly distributed by social institutions
(income, wealth) Natural Primary Goods - health, itelligence, vigour,
imagination and natural talents, affected by social institutions but not
distributed by them
Dworkin's Insurance to Compensate For Inequalities of Natural Primary
Goods Ans✓✓✓They start off in the original position with equal
resources. Everyone can choose how much of the resources to spend on
insurance against having inequalities. Income tax would be used to pay
out insurances, and everyone must buy it.
Dworkin's Idea of an Auction To Distribute Social Primary Goods
Ans✓✓✓All resources are up for sale. Equal Purchasing Power. Bid for
resources which best suit their lifestyle. Rerun if it does not work out.
Everyone should prefer their bundle over another's (Envy Test). Each
person pays for their choices.
Nozick's Claim That Theory of Just Holdings Requires 3 Principles
Ans✓✓✓Transfer - what acquired can be justly acquired. Initial
Acquisition - account of how people come initially to own things which
can be transferred according to (one). Rectification of Injustice - how to
deal with holdings if they were unjustly acquired or transferred.
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
ALREADY GRADED A+
Utilitarianism Ans✓✓✓Account of human welfare or utility, Instruction
to maximize utility, giving equal weight to each person's utility
Distinction Between Standard of Rightness and Decision Procedure
Ans✓✓✓People should keep promises and respect rights. Should not be
U-Agents using utilitarian calculations reasons for actions. Promises and
rights should be of such importance that they are incurable to social
interest calculations.
Political Impact of Utilitarianism In Its Early Days vs Contemporary
Society Ans✓✓✓Early Days - practises were the product not reason, but
of feudal superstition, progressive and reform minded, commitment to
secularism and maximization (enhance rights of majority) Contemporary
- surprisingly conformists, rights force majority to accept policies not in
the interest of majority
Rawl's Theory of Justice Ans✓✓✓All social primary goods equally
distributed, Remove inequalities which disadvantage others, Protect
basic liberties.
Original Position Ans✓✓✓Equality as moral persons, No one knows
their place in society (class, social position, fortune in terms of assets,
abilities, intelligence, strengths and so on), Max-Min strategy.
, Primary Goods Ans✓✓✓Certain things needed to pursue the ideal life.
Social Primary Goods - directly distributed by social institutions
(income, wealth) Natural Primary Goods - health, itelligence, vigour,
imagination and natural talents, affected by social institutions but not
distributed by them
Dworkin's Insurance to Compensate For Inequalities of Natural Primary
Goods Ans✓✓✓They start off in the original position with equal
resources. Everyone can choose how much of the resources to spend on
insurance against having inequalities. Income tax would be used to pay
out insurances, and everyone must buy it.
Dworkin's Idea of an Auction To Distribute Social Primary Goods
Ans✓✓✓All resources are up for sale. Equal Purchasing Power. Bid for
resources which best suit their lifestyle. Rerun if it does not work out.
Everyone should prefer their bundle over another's (Envy Test). Each
person pays for their choices.
Nozick's Claim That Theory of Just Holdings Requires 3 Principles
Ans✓✓✓Transfer - what acquired can be justly acquired. Initial
Acquisition - account of how people come initially to own things which
can be transferred according to (one). Rectification of Injustice - how to
deal with holdings if they were unjustly acquired or transferred.
