📖 Anatomy – Chapter 1B Human Body
Orientation (Visual Review Sheet)
🔹 1. Anatomical Position
• Body erect, feet apart, palms forward, thumbs out.
• Basis for all directional terms.
Directional Terms: - Superior / Inferior → toward head / away from head. - Anterior / Posterior → front /
back. - Medial / Lateral → toward midline / away. - Proximal / Distal → nearer / farther from attachment. -
Superficial / Deep → surface / internal.
🔹 2. Body Planes
Sagittal → R / L
Midsagittal → Equal R & L
Frontal (coronal) → Front / Back
Transverse (horizontal) → Top / Bottom
Oblique → Angled cut
🔹 3. Body Cavities
Dorsal → Cranial (brain), Vertebral (spinal cord).
Ventral (separated by diaphragm): - Thoracic → Pleural (lungs), Mediastinum, Pericardial (heart). -
Abdominopelvic → Abdominal (digestive), Pelvic (bladder, reproductive, rectum).
🔹 4. Serous Membranes
• Parietal serosa → lines cavity walls.
• Visceral serosa → covers organs.
• Serous fluid → reduces friction.
Examples: - Pericardium (heart) - Pleura (lungs) - Peritoneum (abdominopelvic organs)
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Orientation (Visual Review Sheet)
🔹 1. Anatomical Position
• Body erect, feet apart, palms forward, thumbs out.
• Basis for all directional terms.
Directional Terms: - Superior / Inferior → toward head / away from head. - Anterior / Posterior → front /
back. - Medial / Lateral → toward midline / away. - Proximal / Distal → nearer / farther from attachment. -
Superficial / Deep → surface / internal.
🔹 2. Body Planes
Sagittal → R / L
Midsagittal → Equal R & L
Frontal (coronal) → Front / Back
Transverse (horizontal) → Top / Bottom
Oblique → Angled cut
🔹 3. Body Cavities
Dorsal → Cranial (brain), Vertebral (spinal cord).
Ventral (separated by diaphragm): - Thoracic → Pleural (lungs), Mediastinum, Pericardial (heart). -
Abdominopelvic → Abdominal (digestive), Pelvic (bladder, reproductive, rectum).
🔹 4. Serous Membranes
• Parietal serosa → lines cavity walls.
• Visceral serosa → covers organs.
• Serous fluid → reduces friction.
Examples: - Pericardium (heart) - Pleura (lungs) - Peritoneum (abdominopelvic organs)
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