BIOL 1406 EXAM 2 CH. 5-7 COLLIN COLLEGE
Define macromolecules. Name them - answer -large molecules composed of
thousands of covalently connected atoms
Define polymers? Monomers - answer -polymers- long molecule consisting of many
similar building blocks
Monomers- small building-block molecules
What is dehydration reaction - answer -occurs when 2 monomers bond together
through the loss of a water molecules
Hydrolysis - answer -polymers are disassembled to monomers; reaction that is
essentially the reverse of dehydration reaction
What are carbohydrates? What is a monosaccharide? What is its use to a cell - answer
-carbs- serve as fuel and building material (1st thing body goes to)
Monosaccharide- simplest/single sugars; glucose is the most common
What is the general molecular formula for a monosaccharide - answer -ch2o
What is a disaccharide? Glycosidic linkage. Know sucrose examples - answer -
disaccharide- formed when a dehydration and reaction joins 2 monosaccharides
Glycosidic linkage- covalent bond
What are polysaccharides? Know starch, glycogen, cellulose, and chitin - answer -
polysaccharides- polymers of sugars (many), have storage and structural roles
Starch- plants store gluslose (bread, pasta rice, potatos)
Glycogen- animals store glucose
Cellulose- makes up the cell wall of plants
Chitin- found in the exoskeleton of arthropods
How are polymers with glucose different from b glucose - answer -polymers with a
glucose are helical
Polymers with b are straight
-form microfibrils, which form strong building materials for plants
, What compounds makes up the diverse groups, liquids - answer -fats & oils
Phospholipids
Steroids
Waxes
What are fats constructed of? What is an ester linkage? Triacylglyerol? - answer -fats-
glycerol and fatty acids
Fatty acids- consists of a carboxyl group attached to a long carbon skeleton
What are saturated fats? Unsaturated fats? What are the properties of each? Where are
they found? Which are healthier? - answer -satured fats- maximum number of
hydrogen atom possible and no double bonds; fiybd ub bytter
Unsaturated fatty acids- have one or more double bonds; found in plant/fish oils;
healthier
What is meant by trans fats - answer -more than saturated fats to cardiovascular
disease
Define essential fatty acids. Examples - answer -include the meta-e fatty acids,
required for normal growth
What is the major function of fats - answer -energy source
What makes up phospholipids? What are they the major component of - answer -two
fatty acids and a phosphate group are attached to glycerol
-two fatty acids tails are hydrophobic but the phosphate group and its attachements
form a hydropilic head
*major component of all cell membranes*
What are steroids? Why is cholesterol important - answer -sterioids- lipids
characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four fused rings
Cholesterol- found in animal cell membrane, importatnt steroid, high level in the blook
may contribute to cardiovascular disease
How much of a cell is protein? What are some functions - answer -accounts for more
than 50% of the dry mass of most cells
Functions- structural support, storage, transport, cellular communications, movement,
defese
Define enzymes - answer -type of protein that acts as a catalyst to speed up chemical
reactions
Define macromolecules. Name them - answer -large molecules composed of
thousands of covalently connected atoms
Define polymers? Monomers - answer -polymers- long molecule consisting of many
similar building blocks
Monomers- small building-block molecules
What is dehydration reaction - answer -occurs when 2 monomers bond together
through the loss of a water molecules
Hydrolysis - answer -polymers are disassembled to monomers; reaction that is
essentially the reverse of dehydration reaction
What are carbohydrates? What is a monosaccharide? What is its use to a cell - answer
-carbs- serve as fuel and building material (1st thing body goes to)
Monosaccharide- simplest/single sugars; glucose is the most common
What is the general molecular formula for a monosaccharide - answer -ch2o
What is a disaccharide? Glycosidic linkage. Know sucrose examples - answer -
disaccharide- formed when a dehydration and reaction joins 2 monosaccharides
Glycosidic linkage- covalent bond
What are polysaccharides? Know starch, glycogen, cellulose, and chitin - answer -
polysaccharides- polymers of sugars (many), have storage and structural roles
Starch- plants store gluslose (bread, pasta rice, potatos)
Glycogen- animals store glucose
Cellulose- makes up the cell wall of plants
Chitin- found in the exoskeleton of arthropods
How are polymers with glucose different from b glucose - answer -polymers with a
glucose are helical
Polymers with b are straight
-form microfibrils, which form strong building materials for plants
, What compounds makes up the diverse groups, liquids - answer -fats & oils
Phospholipids
Steroids
Waxes
What are fats constructed of? What is an ester linkage? Triacylglyerol? - answer -fats-
glycerol and fatty acids
Fatty acids- consists of a carboxyl group attached to a long carbon skeleton
What are saturated fats? Unsaturated fats? What are the properties of each? Where are
they found? Which are healthier? - answer -satured fats- maximum number of
hydrogen atom possible and no double bonds; fiybd ub bytter
Unsaturated fatty acids- have one or more double bonds; found in plant/fish oils;
healthier
What is meant by trans fats - answer -more than saturated fats to cardiovascular
disease
Define essential fatty acids. Examples - answer -include the meta-e fatty acids,
required for normal growth
What is the major function of fats - answer -energy source
What makes up phospholipids? What are they the major component of - answer -two
fatty acids and a phosphate group are attached to glycerol
-two fatty acids tails are hydrophobic but the phosphate group and its attachements
form a hydropilic head
*major component of all cell membranes*
What are steroids? Why is cholesterol important - answer -sterioids- lipids
characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four fused rings
Cholesterol- found in animal cell membrane, importatnt steroid, high level in the blook
may contribute to cardiovascular disease
How much of a cell is protein? What are some functions - answer -accounts for more
than 50% of the dry mass of most cells
Functions- structural support, storage, transport, cellular communications, movement,
defese
Define enzymes - answer -type of protein that acts as a catalyst to speed up chemical
reactions
