HRM 446 Exam 3 Questions and Answers Already Passed Latest Update 2025/2026
Motivation - Answers Anything that provides direction, intensity, and persistence to behavior
Performance - Answers Behaviors directed toward the organization's mission or goals or the
products and services resulting from those behaviors
effectiveness - Answers involves making judgments about the adequacy of behavior with
respect to certain criteria such as work group or organizational goals
Job Satisfication - Answers how much one likes a specific kind of job or work activity
Organizational citizenship behavior - Answers behaviors not directly related to one's job but
helpful to others at work. They help create a more supportive workplace
True or False: Motivation does not always ensure good performance - Answers True
Most performance problems can be attributed to what? - Answers unclear expectations, skill
deficits, resource or equipment shortages, or a lack of motivation
Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory - Answers Satisfy needs to change behavior
Achievement orientation theory - Answers Possess certain personality traits
Accomplishment depends partly on the
strength of his or her motivation to achieve success
Goal Setting Theory - Answers Set Goals to change behavior
operant approach - Answers change rewards and punishments to change behavior
Empowerment thoery - Answers give people autonomy and latitude to increase their motivation
for work
What are needs according to Maslow's Hierarchy? - Answers Internal states of tension or
arousal, or
uncomfortable states of deficiency that people are
motivated to change
What are the 5 needs in Maslow's hierarchy of needs? - Answers Self Actualization, esteem,
belongingness, safety, and psychological
Locke and Latham identified the following common
aspects of goal setting - Answers Goals that were both specific and difficult resulted in
consistently higher effort and performance when contrasted to "do your best" goals
, •Goal commitment is critical
•Followers exerted the greatest effort when goals were accompanied by feedback
Pygmalion effect - Answers Occurs when leaders express high expectations for followers self-
prophecy theory. If a leader expresses high results, the follower will most likely perform highly
Golem Effect - Answers Occurs when leaders have little faith in their
followers' ability to accomplish a goal
The Operant Approach - Reward - Answers Consequence that increases the likelihood that a
particular behavior will be repeated
The Operant Approach - Punishment - Answers Administration of an aversive stimulus or the
withdrawal of something desirable to decrease the likelihood of repeating a particular behavior
Contingent vs non-contingent rewards - Answers Non-contingent rewards and punishments are
not associated with particular behaviors
extinction - Answers Behaviors that are not rewarded may eventually be
eliminated through the process of
Key components of Empowerment - Answers Leaders who wish to empower employees should
delegate leadership and decision making down to the lowest level possible
•Leaders should equip followers with the resources, skills, and knowledge necessary to make
good decisions
Macro-psychological components of Empowerment - Answers motivation, learning, stress
Micro-psychological components of Empowerment - Answers Self-determination
Meaning
Competence
Influence
functional turnover - Answers is considered healthy for an organization
Examples: When followers retire, do not fit into the organization, or are substandard workers
Dysfunctional turnover - Answers is unhealthy and occurs when an organization's best and
brightest become dissatisfied and leave
Motivation - Answers Anything that provides direction, intensity, and persistence to behavior
Performance - Answers Behaviors directed toward the organization's mission or goals or the
products and services resulting from those behaviors
effectiveness - Answers involves making judgments about the adequacy of behavior with
respect to certain criteria such as work group or organizational goals
Job Satisfication - Answers how much one likes a specific kind of job or work activity
Organizational citizenship behavior - Answers behaviors not directly related to one's job but
helpful to others at work. They help create a more supportive workplace
True or False: Motivation does not always ensure good performance - Answers True
Most performance problems can be attributed to what? - Answers unclear expectations, skill
deficits, resource or equipment shortages, or a lack of motivation
Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory - Answers Satisfy needs to change behavior
Achievement orientation theory - Answers Possess certain personality traits
Accomplishment depends partly on the
strength of his or her motivation to achieve success
Goal Setting Theory - Answers Set Goals to change behavior
operant approach - Answers change rewards and punishments to change behavior
Empowerment thoery - Answers give people autonomy and latitude to increase their motivation
for work
What are needs according to Maslow's Hierarchy? - Answers Internal states of tension or
arousal, or
uncomfortable states of deficiency that people are
motivated to change
What are the 5 needs in Maslow's hierarchy of needs? - Answers Self Actualization, esteem,
belongingness, safety, and psychological
Locke and Latham identified the following common
aspects of goal setting - Answers Goals that were both specific and difficult resulted in
consistently higher effort and performance when contrasted to "do your best" goals
, •Goal commitment is critical
•Followers exerted the greatest effort when goals were accompanied by feedback
Pygmalion effect - Answers Occurs when leaders express high expectations for followers self-
prophecy theory. If a leader expresses high results, the follower will most likely perform highly
Golem Effect - Answers Occurs when leaders have little faith in their
followers' ability to accomplish a goal
The Operant Approach - Reward - Answers Consequence that increases the likelihood that a
particular behavior will be repeated
The Operant Approach - Punishment - Answers Administration of an aversive stimulus or the
withdrawal of something desirable to decrease the likelihood of repeating a particular behavior
Contingent vs non-contingent rewards - Answers Non-contingent rewards and punishments are
not associated with particular behaviors
extinction - Answers Behaviors that are not rewarded may eventually be
eliminated through the process of
Key components of Empowerment - Answers Leaders who wish to empower employees should
delegate leadership and decision making down to the lowest level possible
•Leaders should equip followers with the resources, skills, and knowledge necessary to make
good decisions
Macro-psychological components of Empowerment - Answers motivation, learning, stress
Micro-psychological components of Empowerment - Answers Self-determination
Meaning
Competence
Influence
functional turnover - Answers is considered healthy for an organization
Examples: When followers retire, do not fit into the organization, or are substandard workers
Dysfunctional turnover - Answers is unhealthy and occurs when an organization's best and
brightest become dissatisfied and leave
