UPDATE!!!!2025/2026|GUARANTEED
A 5-year-old male castrated English Springer Spaniel presents for a dental exam. The dog has
a history of aggressive chewing on tennis balls and frisbees. The oral exam reveals brown,
worn-down incisors, canines, and premolars. The dog is otherwise normal and healthy. What
is the cause for the teeth turning brown?
a. The dog was probably given tetracycline antibiotics as a puppy, which causes a permanent
brown discoloration of teeth
b. The excessive chewing has worn away the enamel of the teeth. The underlying dentin is
naturally brown
c. The teeth are brown due to the formation of tertiary dentin, which stains easily
d. Excessive chewing has predisposed to the teeth to infection. The brown coloration is a
sign of bacterial infection - ANSWER c. The teeth are brown due to the formation of
tertiary dentin, which stains easily
Aggressive chewing of things like rocks, tennis balls, cage bars, etc. causes abrasion of
dentin. Tertiary dentin, which is produced as a response to the wearing of the teeth stains
easily. Tertiary dentin will usually prevent the exposure of the pulp cavity unless its
production cannot keep up with its rapid wear
You are treating a dog for inflammatory bowel disease. He has done well on a novel protein
diet, but has more recently had more flare-ups. Which of the following medication is a
potential treatment for a dog with inflammatory bowel disease?
a. Metronidazole
b. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory
1
,c. Fenbendazole
d. Sulfadimethoxine - ANSWER a. Metronidazole
Typically, inflammatory bowel disease is characeterized histologically as lymphoplasmacytic
inflammation within the GI tract. Treatment is aimed at suppressing the inflammation with
glucocorticoid therapy (non NSAIDs), a novel protein diet, and often times metronidazole,
which is thought to have some immunomodulatory effects.
Fenbedazole and sulfadimethoxine are anti-parasitic medications
When measuring Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) and Folate leves in a dog with suspected small
intestinal bacterial overgrowth, which finding is most supportive of this diagnosis?
a. Decreased folate, increased cobalamin
b. Decreased folate, decreased cobalamin
c. Increased folate, increased cobalamin
d. Increased folate, decreased cobalamin - ANSWER d. Increased folate, decreased
cobalamin
The reason for this is that bacteria synthesize folate leading to decrease d absorption of
cobalamin.
A 3-month-old Rottweiler is presented to you with acute onset of diarrhea, vomiting, and
depression. You workup reveals a temperature of 104.2F (40.1C), and has a WBC count of
750 cells/uL (5,000-14,000 cell/uL). What is your top differential?
a. Parvoviral enteritis
b. Clostridial enterocolitis
c. Inflammatory bowel disease
d. Campylobacter infection - ANSWER a. Parvoviral enteritis
2
,Canine parvovirus commonly infects dogs 6 weeks-6 months of age. The key clinical finding
in this dog is the leukopenia, which is a common feature of parvoviral infections but should
not be seen in the other answer choices
Oral surgery in conjunction with another elective surgery in an otherwise healthy dog is
usually not recommended for which of the following reasons?
a. There is no increased risk in performing both procedures, as long as a different set of
sterile gloves and instruments are used for each procedure
b. Combining two surgeries increases anesthetic time, making the one longer procedure
riskier than having two shorter, individual anesthetic procedures
c. There is no increased risk in doing both surgeries, as long as the oral procedure is
performed after the elective procedure
d. Oral surgeries cause significant bacteremia, which may be an endogenous source of
wound infection - ANSWER d. Oral surgeries cause significant bacteremia, which may
be an endogenous source of wound infection
In an otherwise healthy dog, the increased length of anesthesia in combining two
procedures should not significantly increase the risk of anesthesia. The order in which the
procedures are performed does not eliminate the risk of infection associated with the
bacteremia. Changing gloves and instruments between procedures helps maintain sterility
exogenously, but does not eliminate risk of infection associated with the endogenous
bacteremia
A 2-year-old male castrated miniature schnauzer was presented for chronic vomiting. After
careful history-taking, you determine that the patient is actually regurgitating. Chest
radiographs reveal megaesophagus. The owners will not allow you to pursue additional
testing, but they are willing to make some modifications at home to help alleviate some of
the regurgitation. What kind of diet should they feed?
a. Low-salt diet
b. High-calorie diet
3
, c. High-fiber diet
d. Low-calcium diet
e. Low-fat diet - ANSWER b. High-calorie diet
Patients with megaesophagus should be fed in upright positions, at a 45 to 90 degree angle
from the floor. Patients should stay in that position for 10-15 minutes after eating to give
time for the food to properly settle in the stomach. It is recommended to give these patients
a high-calorie diet in a gruel or meatball consistency depending on how the patient best
keeps the food down. The high-calorie diet allows less food volume
Pookie, a 2 year-old female spayed poodle mix, was presented to your hospital for acute
severe vomiting and bloody diarrhea. The owner notes that Pookie recently got into the
trash. On physical exam, you find Pookie is dehydrated, uncomfortable on abdominal
palpation, and has hematochezia on rectal exam. You run a complete blood count and
chemistry panel and find a PCV of 60% (36-50%) and total protein of 6.0 (5.5-7.3 g/dL). A
urinalysis is unremarkable. Abdominal radiographs show no evidence of obstruction. A fecal
float is negative. What is the most important treatment for the suspected diagnosis for this
patient?
a. Maropitant
b. Fenbendazole
c. Famotidine
d. Enrofloxacin
e. Intravenous fluids - ANSWER e. Intravenous fluids
Pookie's history, physical exam, and lab work are consistent with hemorrhagic gastroenteritis
(HGE), a severe form of GI disease that is very common among small dogs. Aggressive fluid
therapy is extremely important for these patients to prevent shock, disseminated
intravascular coagulation (DIC), and renal failure. An abnormally high PCV can be a good
indicator of this disease if there is a history of blood diarrhea. Anti-nausea and
gastroprotective medications may help the patient to feel better, but aggressive fluid therapy
is the most important treatment for these patients. Maropitant is an anti-emetic. Famotidine
is a gastroprotectant used to raise the pH in the stomach. Fenbendazole is a dewormer
medication. Enrofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic
4
A 5-year-old male castrated English Springer Spaniel presents for a dental exam. The dog has
a history of aggressive chewing on tennis balls and frisbees. The oral exam reveals brown,
worn-down incisors, canines, and premolars. The dog is otherwise normal and healthy. What
is the cause for the teeth turning brown?
a. The dog was probably given tetracycline antibiotics as a puppy, which causes a permanent
brown discoloration of teeth
b. The excessive chewing has worn away the enamel of the teeth. The underlying dentin is
naturally brown
c. The teeth are brown due to the formation of tertiary dentin, which stains easily
d. Excessive chewing has predisposed to the teeth to infection. The brown coloration is a
sign of bacterial infection - ANSWER c. The teeth are brown due to the formation of
tertiary dentin, which stains easily
Aggressive chewing of things like rocks, tennis balls, cage bars, etc. causes abrasion of
dentin. Tertiary dentin, which is produced as a response to the wearing of the teeth stains
easily. Tertiary dentin will usually prevent the exposure of the pulp cavity unless its
production cannot keep up with its rapid wear
You are treating a dog for inflammatory bowel disease. He has done well on a novel protein
diet, but has more recently had more flare-ups. Which of the following medication is a
potential treatment for a dog with inflammatory bowel disease?
a. Metronidazole
b. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory
1
,c. Fenbendazole
d. Sulfadimethoxine - ANSWER a. Metronidazole
Typically, inflammatory bowel disease is characeterized histologically as lymphoplasmacytic
inflammation within the GI tract. Treatment is aimed at suppressing the inflammation with
glucocorticoid therapy (non NSAIDs), a novel protein diet, and often times metronidazole,
which is thought to have some immunomodulatory effects.
Fenbedazole and sulfadimethoxine are anti-parasitic medications
When measuring Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) and Folate leves in a dog with suspected small
intestinal bacterial overgrowth, which finding is most supportive of this diagnosis?
a. Decreased folate, increased cobalamin
b. Decreased folate, decreased cobalamin
c. Increased folate, increased cobalamin
d. Increased folate, decreased cobalamin - ANSWER d. Increased folate, decreased
cobalamin
The reason for this is that bacteria synthesize folate leading to decrease d absorption of
cobalamin.
A 3-month-old Rottweiler is presented to you with acute onset of diarrhea, vomiting, and
depression. You workup reveals a temperature of 104.2F (40.1C), and has a WBC count of
750 cells/uL (5,000-14,000 cell/uL). What is your top differential?
a. Parvoviral enteritis
b. Clostridial enterocolitis
c. Inflammatory bowel disease
d. Campylobacter infection - ANSWER a. Parvoviral enteritis
2
,Canine parvovirus commonly infects dogs 6 weeks-6 months of age. The key clinical finding
in this dog is the leukopenia, which is a common feature of parvoviral infections but should
not be seen in the other answer choices
Oral surgery in conjunction with another elective surgery in an otherwise healthy dog is
usually not recommended for which of the following reasons?
a. There is no increased risk in performing both procedures, as long as a different set of
sterile gloves and instruments are used for each procedure
b. Combining two surgeries increases anesthetic time, making the one longer procedure
riskier than having two shorter, individual anesthetic procedures
c. There is no increased risk in doing both surgeries, as long as the oral procedure is
performed after the elective procedure
d. Oral surgeries cause significant bacteremia, which may be an endogenous source of
wound infection - ANSWER d. Oral surgeries cause significant bacteremia, which may
be an endogenous source of wound infection
In an otherwise healthy dog, the increased length of anesthesia in combining two
procedures should not significantly increase the risk of anesthesia. The order in which the
procedures are performed does not eliminate the risk of infection associated with the
bacteremia. Changing gloves and instruments between procedures helps maintain sterility
exogenously, but does not eliminate risk of infection associated with the endogenous
bacteremia
A 2-year-old male castrated miniature schnauzer was presented for chronic vomiting. After
careful history-taking, you determine that the patient is actually regurgitating. Chest
radiographs reveal megaesophagus. The owners will not allow you to pursue additional
testing, but they are willing to make some modifications at home to help alleviate some of
the regurgitation. What kind of diet should they feed?
a. Low-salt diet
b. High-calorie diet
3
, c. High-fiber diet
d. Low-calcium diet
e. Low-fat diet - ANSWER b. High-calorie diet
Patients with megaesophagus should be fed in upright positions, at a 45 to 90 degree angle
from the floor. Patients should stay in that position for 10-15 minutes after eating to give
time for the food to properly settle in the stomach. It is recommended to give these patients
a high-calorie diet in a gruel or meatball consistency depending on how the patient best
keeps the food down. The high-calorie diet allows less food volume
Pookie, a 2 year-old female spayed poodle mix, was presented to your hospital for acute
severe vomiting and bloody diarrhea. The owner notes that Pookie recently got into the
trash. On physical exam, you find Pookie is dehydrated, uncomfortable on abdominal
palpation, and has hematochezia on rectal exam. You run a complete blood count and
chemistry panel and find a PCV of 60% (36-50%) and total protein of 6.0 (5.5-7.3 g/dL). A
urinalysis is unremarkable. Abdominal radiographs show no evidence of obstruction. A fecal
float is negative. What is the most important treatment for the suspected diagnosis for this
patient?
a. Maropitant
b. Fenbendazole
c. Famotidine
d. Enrofloxacin
e. Intravenous fluids - ANSWER e. Intravenous fluids
Pookie's history, physical exam, and lab work are consistent with hemorrhagic gastroenteritis
(HGE), a severe form of GI disease that is very common among small dogs. Aggressive fluid
therapy is extremely important for these patients to prevent shock, disseminated
intravascular coagulation (DIC), and renal failure. An abnormally high PCV can be a good
indicator of this disease if there is a history of blood diarrhea. Anti-nausea and
gastroprotective medications may help the patient to feel better, but aggressive fluid therapy
is the most important treatment for these patients. Maropitant is an anti-emetic. Famotidine
is a gastroprotectant used to raise the pH in the stomach. Fenbendazole is a dewormer
medication. Enrofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic
4
