ZOOL 2403 TTU BOROS EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE
temporalmandibular joint (TMJ) - Answer -* created by condyle of mandible and the
temporal bone of the skull
* TMJ syndrome: pain @ articulation sight due to arthritis/past injury/grinding or
clenching teeth
- can cause headaches
Hyoid Bone - Answer -* it is located posterior (back) to the mandible and level with C3
vertebrae
* functions as an attachment sight for muscles and associated with the larynx (voicebox)
and pharynx (throat) and helps with breathing and swallowing
cervical vertebrae - Answer -* total number is 7
* the curvature is secondary
thoracic vertebrae - Answer -* total number is 12
* the curvature is primary
lumbar vertebrae - Answer -* total number is 5
* the curvature is secondary
sacral vertebrae - Answer -* total number is 5
the curvature is primary
coccygeal vertebrae - Answer -* total number is 3-5
* the curvature is primary
cervical - Answer -* contains transverse foramen, which protects and gives passage to
nerves and blood vessels traveling from thorax to brain
* triangular vertebral foramen
* C1 and C2 are lacking in some of these characteristics
Thoracic - Answer -* contains facets which articulate with heads of the ribs
* circular vertebral foramen
* longer/slender spinous process
Lumbar - Answer -* short thick spinous process
* huge vertebral body
* smaller vertebral foramen
sternum - Answer -a component of the thoracic cage
consists of:
* jugular notch
* manubrium
, * sternal angle
* body
* xiphoid process
What are the major components and their functions of ALL vertebrae? - Answer -* 2
pedicles and 2 lamina on either side of vertebrae that form the vertebral arch
- vertebral foramen forms the hole through which the spinal cord travels
* transverse processes on either side and a spinous process on the sagittal line of the
vertebrae
- used for muscle/ligament attachment
Ribs - Answer -a component of the thoracic cage
consists of:
* True ribs (#1-7)
- attaches to the sternum directly and thoracic vertebrae
* False ribs (#8-12)
- also attached to sternum via the 7th rib
* Floating ribs (#11-12)
- only attached to thoracic
What is the function of the Thoracic Cage? - Answer -to protect the organs like the
heart and lungs
Clavical - Answer -* a component of the pectoral girdle
* " collar bone "
* connects/articulates with the sternum to create the sternaclavical joint
* only source of attachment of upper limb to axial skeleton
Scapula - Answer -* a component of the pectoral girdle
* " shoulder blade "
* connects with the clavicle to create the acromioclavicular (AC) joint
* glenoid cavity of scapula articulates with the head of the humerus (glenohumeral joint)
radius - Answer -* " radius radiates " will always be on the most lateral (side) portion of
antebachium in anatomical position (body erect with the arms at the sides and the
palms forward)
* head of radius articulates with radial notch of ulna
Humerus - Answer -* a component of the upper limb
* olecranon fossa of humerus gives room for articulation with olecranon of ulna
* trochlear notch of ulna articulates with the trochlea of humerus
- hinge joint
ulna - Answer -* articulates with radius of humerus
* coronoid process articulates with the coronoid fossa of humerus
temporalmandibular joint (TMJ) - Answer -* created by condyle of mandible and the
temporal bone of the skull
* TMJ syndrome: pain @ articulation sight due to arthritis/past injury/grinding or
clenching teeth
- can cause headaches
Hyoid Bone - Answer -* it is located posterior (back) to the mandible and level with C3
vertebrae
* functions as an attachment sight for muscles and associated with the larynx (voicebox)
and pharynx (throat) and helps with breathing and swallowing
cervical vertebrae - Answer -* total number is 7
* the curvature is secondary
thoracic vertebrae - Answer -* total number is 12
* the curvature is primary
lumbar vertebrae - Answer -* total number is 5
* the curvature is secondary
sacral vertebrae - Answer -* total number is 5
the curvature is primary
coccygeal vertebrae - Answer -* total number is 3-5
* the curvature is primary
cervical - Answer -* contains transverse foramen, which protects and gives passage to
nerves and blood vessels traveling from thorax to brain
* triangular vertebral foramen
* C1 and C2 are lacking in some of these characteristics
Thoracic - Answer -* contains facets which articulate with heads of the ribs
* circular vertebral foramen
* longer/slender spinous process
Lumbar - Answer -* short thick spinous process
* huge vertebral body
* smaller vertebral foramen
sternum - Answer -a component of the thoracic cage
consists of:
* jugular notch
* manubrium
, * sternal angle
* body
* xiphoid process
What are the major components and their functions of ALL vertebrae? - Answer -* 2
pedicles and 2 lamina on either side of vertebrae that form the vertebral arch
- vertebral foramen forms the hole through which the spinal cord travels
* transverse processes on either side and a spinous process on the sagittal line of the
vertebrae
- used for muscle/ligament attachment
Ribs - Answer -a component of the thoracic cage
consists of:
* True ribs (#1-7)
- attaches to the sternum directly and thoracic vertebrae
* False ribs (#8-12)
- also attached to sternum via the 7th rib
* Floating ribs (#11-12)
- only attached to thoracic
What is the function of the Thoracic Cage? - Answer -to protect the organs like the
heart and lungs
Clavical - Answer -* a component of the pectoral girdle
* " collar bone "
* connects/articulates with the sternum to create the sternaclavical joint
* only source of attachment of upper limb to axial skeleton
Scapula - Answer -* a component of the pectoral girdle
* " shoulder blade "
* connects with the clavicle to create the acromioclavicular (AC) joint
* glenoid cavity of scapula articulates with the head of the humerus (glenohumeral joint)
radius - Answer -* " radius radiates " will always be on the most lateral (side) portion of
antebachium in anatomical position (body erect with the arms at the sides and the
palms forward)
* head of radius articulates with radial notch of ulna
Humerus - Answer -* a component of the upper limb
* olecranon fossa of humerus gives room for articulation with olecranon of ulna
* trochlear notch of ulna articulates with the trochlea of humerus
- hinge joint
ulna - Answer -* articulates with radius of humerus
* coronoid process articulates with the coronoid fossa of humerus
