All cell cycles include:
Growth
DNA synthesis (replication)
Cell division (reproduction)
Genome
The double-stranded DNA in a cell
Prokaryotes:
1 double-stranded DNA molecule in a loop
Nucleoid region
Eukaryotes:
Pairs of double-stranded DNA called chromosomes
Nucleus
Eukaryotic Reproduction
Many eukaryotes can reproduce asexually or sexually
Asexual reproduction creates exact genetic copies
Used for growth, maintenance, repair, and sometimes to produce a new organism
Mitosis
Division of replicated DNA to produce a new cell (clone)
Zygote → Stem cells → Embryo → Fetus → Infant → Child → Adult
In humans, each cell has about 2 meters of DNA
Chromatin Fibers
DNA wraps around histone proteins, forming long, thin strands of nucleosomes
During mitosis, chromatin condenses into thick, short chromosomes
Growth
DNA synthesis (replication)
Cell division (reproduction)
Genome
The double-stranded DNA in a cell
Prokaryotes:
1 double-stranded DNA molecule in a loop
Nucleoid region
Eukaryotes:
Pairs of double-stranded DNA called chromosomes
Nucleus
Eukaryotic Reproduction
Many eukaryotes can reproduce asexually or sexually
Asexual reproduction creates exact genetic copies
Used for growth, maintenance, repair, and sometimes to produce a new organism
Mitosis
Division of replicated DNA to produce a new cell (clone)
Zygote → Stem cells → Embryo → Fetus → Infant → Child → Adult
In humans, each cell has about 2 meters of DNA
Chromatin Fibers
DNA wraps around histone proteins, forming long, thin strands of nucleosomes
During mitosis, chromatin condenses into thick, short chromosomes
