1.Villanelle: An intricate French poetic form with 19 lines divided into
5 3-lined stanzas (called tercets), and one final quatrain. It has only 2
rhyming sounds, so it is difficult to write one in English.
2.Petrarchan sonnet: Italian sonnet with the rhyme scheme of abba abba.
It divides into 2 parts, the first part being an octet and the second being
a sestet.
3.Elizabethan or Shakespearean Sonnet: Written in iambic pentameter
and con- sisting of three quatrains and a final couplet with the rhyme
scheme abab cdcd efef gg.
4.Limerick: a humorous, frequently bawdy, verse of three long and two
short lines rhyming aabba, popularized by Edward Lear.
5.rhyme: correspondence of sound between words or the endings of
words, espe- cially when these are used at the ends of lines of poetry.
6.Iambic pentameter: a line of verse with five metrical feet, each
consisting of one short (or unstressed) syllable followed by one long (or
stressed) syllable, for example Two households, both alike in dignity.
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, 7.Couplet: 2 lines of verse, usually in the same meter and joined by
rhyme, that form a unit.
8.Volta: the turn in thought in a sonnet that is often indicated by such
initial words as But, Yet, or And yet.
The volta occurs between the octet and sestet in a Petrarchan sonnet an
some- times between the 8th and 9th or between the 12th and 13th lines
of a Shakespeare- an sonnet.
9.Bildungsroman: is a literary genre that focuses on the psychological
and moral growth of the protagonist from youth to adulthood (coming
of age)
10.Modernism: 1900-1960 literature
- self-conscious breaks from traditional styles of poetry and verse
- industrialization. (T.S. Eliot, Virginia Woolf, John Steinbeck, James Joyce
11.Postmodernism: 1960-Present literature
- fragmentation - Paradox - Unreliable Narrator (Paul Auster, Italo
Calvino, Allen Ginsberg)
12.Romanticism: 1800-1850 literature
-overflowing of emotions
-individualism
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