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NURS 308 Exam 1 Questions and Correct
Answers
innate immunity Ans: defenses against any pathogen, nonspecific
mechanism that starts immediately;
natural barriers like skin, blood, and immune system that attack
foreign cells
adaptive immunity Ans: active or acquired through pathogens or
vaccinations
Examples of innate immunity Ans: -skin
-stomach pH
-epithelial barriers
-phagocytes
-NK cells
Signs of inflammation Ans: 5 cardinal sings: redness, heat,
swelling, pain, loss of function
Goal of inflammation Ans: -limit and control inflammatory
response
-prevent and limit infection and further damage
-initiate adaptive immune response
-initiated healing
Degranulation Ans: Release of chemical mediators in the form of
extracellular granules.
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Early Phagocytosis inflammation Ans: 4 steps:
1. recognition and adherence
2. engulfment
3. fusion of the phagosome
4. destruction of target
Leukotrienes Ans: inflammatory chemicals released from
damaged cells that increase vascular permeability, usually released
when triggered by an allergen or gallery trigger
histmine Ans: a chemical that initiates symptoms such as
sneezing, congestion, itchy skin and red skin blotches
Prostaglandins Ans: A group of bioactive, hormone-like chemicals
derived from fatty acids that have a wide variety of biological
effects including roles in inflammation, platelet aggregation,
vascular smooth muscle dilation and constriction, cell growth,
protection of from acid in the stomach, and many more.
clotting cascade Ans: is a series of reactions that culminates with
fibrinogen being converted to fibrin and forming the mesh
network that blood cells get trapped on.
fibrin Ans: protein that forms the basis of a blood clot
what does endothelium release Ans: it releases nitric oxide
Role of collagen Ans: most abundant protein in the body, contains
amino acids; form collagen fibrils that later turn into collagen
fibers
MHC I Ans: Major histocompatibility complex
-molecules found on every body cell that presents antigen; signals
cytotoxic T to destroy
© 2025 All rights reserved
NURS 308 Exam 1 Questions and Correct
Answers
innate immunity Ans: defenses against any pathogen, nonspecific
mechanism that starts immediately;
natural barriers like skin, blood, and immune system that attack
foreign cells
adaptive immunity Ans: active or acquired through pathogens or
vaccinations
Examples of innate immunity Ans: -skin
-stomach pH
-epithelial barriers
-phagocytes
-NK cells
Signs of inflammation Ans: 5 cardinal sings: redness, heat,
swelling, pain, loss of function
Goal of inflammation Ans: -limit and control inflammatory
response
-prevent and limit infection and further damage
-initiate adaptive immune response
-initiated healing
Degranulation Ans: Release of chemical mediators in the form of
extracellular granules.
© 2025 All rights reserved
, 2 | Page
Early Phagocytosis inflammation Ans: 4 steps:
1. recognition and adherence
2. engulfment
3. fusion of the phagosome
4. destruction of target
Leukotrienes Ans: inflammatory chemicals released from
damaged cells that increase vascular permeability, usually released
when triggered by an allergen or gallery trigger
histmine Ans: a chemical that initiates symptoms such as
sneezing, congestion, itchy skin and red skin blotches
Prostaglandins Ans: A group of bioactive, hormone-like chemicals
derived from fatty acids that have a wide variety of biological
effects including roles in inflammation, platelet aggregation,
vascular smooth muscle dilation and constriction, cell growth,
protection of from acid in the stomach, and many more.
clotting cascade Ans: is a series of reactions that culminates with
fibrinogen being converted to fibrin and forming the mesh
network that blood cells get trapped on.
fibrin Ans: protein that forms the basis of a blood clot
what does endothelium release Ans: it releases nitric oxide
Role of collagen Ans: most abundant protein in the body, contains
amino acids; form collagen fibrils that later turn into collagen
fibers
MHC I Ans: Major histocompatibility complex
-molecules found on every body cell that presents antigen; signals
cytotoxic T to destroy
© 2025 All rights reserved
