PCB 3023 Final Exam questions with |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
answers
Living systems are incredibly diverse in size, shape, environment,
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
and behavior. It is estimated that there are between 10 million
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
and 100 million different species. Despite this wide variety of
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
organisms, it remains difficult to define what it means to say
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
something is alive. Which of the following can be described as
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
the smallest living unit?
|\ |\ |\
(a) DNA
|\
(b) cell
|\
(c) organelle
|\
(d) protein - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔cell
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
The flow of genetic information is controlled by a series of
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
biochemical reactions that result in the production of proteins,
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
each with its own specific order of amino acids. Choose the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
correct series of biochemical reactions from the options
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
presented here. |\
(a) replication, transcription, translation
|\ |\ |\
(b) replication, translation, transcription
|\ |\ |\
(c) translation, transcription, replication
|\ |\ |\
(d) translation, replication, transcription - CORRECT ANSWERS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔(a) replication, transcription, translation
|\ |\ |\
,Proteins are important architectural and catalytic components
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
within the cell, helping to determine its chemistry, its shape, and
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
its ability to respond to changes in the environment. Remarkably,
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
all of the different proteins in a cell are made from the same 20
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
__________. By linking them in different sequences, the cell can
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
make protein molecules with different conformations and surface
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
chemistries, and therefore different functions. |\ |\ |\ |\
(a) nucleotides.
|\
(b) sugars.
|\
(c) amino acids.
|\ |\
(d) fatty acids. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔(c)amino acids.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Which statement is NOT true about mutations?
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
(a) A mutation is a change in the DNA that can generate
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
offspring less fit for survival than their parents.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
(b) A mutation can be a result of imperfect DNA duplication.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
(c) A mutation is a result of sexual reproduction.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
(d) A mutation is a change in the DNA that can generate
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
offspring that are as fit for survival as their parents are. -
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔(c) A mutation is a result of sexual
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
reproduction.
Changes in DNA sequence from one generation to the next may
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
result in offspring that are altered in fitness compared with their
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
parents. The process of change and selection over the course of
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
many generations is the basis of __________.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
(a) mutation.
|\
(b) evolution.
|\
,(c) heredity.
|\
(d) reproduction. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔(b) evolution
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Select the option that best finishes the following statement:
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
"Evolution is a process __________."
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
(a) that can be understood based on the principles of mutation
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
and selection. |\
(b) that results from repeated cycles of adaptation over billions of
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
years.
|\
(c) by which all present-day cells arose from 4-5 different
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ancestral cells. |\
(d) that requires hundreds of thousands of years. - CORRECT
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ANSWERS ✔✔(a) that can be understood based on the principles
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
of mutation and selection.
|\ |\ |\
Select the option that correctly finishes the following statement:
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
"A cell's genome _________________."
|\ |\ |\ |\
(a) is defined as all the genes being used to make protein.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
(b) contains all of a cell's DNA.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
(c) constantly changes, depending upon the cell's environment.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
(d) is altered during embryonic development. - CORRECT
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ANSWERS ✔✔(b) contains all of a cell's DNA. |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Which statement is NOT true about the events/conclusions from
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
studies during the mid-1800s surrounding the discovery of cells?
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
(a) Cells came to be known as the smallest universal building
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
block of living organisms.
|\ |\ |\
, (b) Scientists came to the conclusion that new cells can form
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
spontaneously from the remnants of ruptured cells. |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
(c) Light microscopy was essential in demonstrating the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
commonalities between plant and animal tissues. |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
(d) New cells arise from the growth and division of previously
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
existing cells. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔(b) Scientists came to the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
conclusion that new cells can form spontaneously from the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
remnants of ruptured cells. |\ |\ |\
What unit of length would you generally use to measure a typical
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
plant or animal cell?
|\ |\ |\ |\
(a) centimeters
|\
(b) nanometers
|\
(c) millimeters
|\
(d) micrometers - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔(d) micrometers
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Cell biologists employ targeted fluorescent dyes or modified
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
fluorescent proteins in both standard fluorescence microscopy
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
and confocal microscopy to observe specific details in the cell.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Even though fluorescence permits better visualization, the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
resolving power is essentially the same as that of a standard
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
light microscope because the resolving power of a microscope is
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
limited by the __________ of light.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
(a) absorption
|\
(b) intensity
|\
(c) filtering
|\
(d) wavelength - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔(d) wavelength
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
answers
Living systems are incredibly diverse in size, shape, environment,
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
and behavior. It is estimated that there are between 10 million
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
and 100 million different species. Despite this wide variety of
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
organisms, it remains difficult to define what it means to say
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
something is alive. Which of the following can be described as
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
the smallest living unit?
|\ |\ |\
(a) DNA
|\
(b) cell
|\
(c) organelle
|\
(d) protein - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔cell
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
The flow of genetic information is controlled by a series of
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
biochemical reactions that result in the production of proteins,
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
each with its own specific order of amino acids. Choose the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
correct series of biochemical reactions from the options
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
presented here. |\
(a) replication, transcription, translation
|\ |\ |\
(b) replication, translation, transcription
|\ |\ |\
(c) translation, transcription, replication
|\ |\ |\
(d) translation, replication, transcription - CORRECT ANSWERS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔(a) replication, transcription, translation
|\ |\ |\
,Proteins are important architectural and catalytic components
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
within the cell, helping to determine its chemistry, its shape, and
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
its ability to respond to changes in the environment. Remarkably,
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
all of the different proteins in a cell are made from the same 20
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
__________. By linking them in different sequences, the cell can
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
make protein molecules with different conformations and surface
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
chemistries, and therefore different functions. |\ |\ |\ |\
(a) nucleotides.
|\
(b) sugars.
|\
(c) amino acids.
|\ |\
(d) fatty acids. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔(c)amino acids.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Which statement is NOT true about mutations?
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
(a) A mutation is a change in the DNA that can generate
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
offspring less fit for survival than their parents.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
(b) A mutation can be a result of imperfect DNA duplication.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
(c) A mutation is a result of sexual reproduction.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
(d) A mutation is a change in the DNA that can generate
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
offspring that are as fit for survival as their parents are. -
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔(c) A mutation is a result of sexual
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
reproduction.
Changes in DNA sequence from one generation to the next may
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
result in offspring that are altered in fitness compared with their
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
parents. The process of change and selection over the course of
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
many generations is the basis of __________.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
(a) mutation.
|\
(b) evolution.
|\
,(c) heredity.
|\
(d) reproduction. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔(b) evolution
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Select the option that best finishes the following statement:
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
"Evolution is a process __________."
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
(a) that can be understood based on the principles of mutation
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
and selection. |\
(b) that results from repeated cycles of adaptation over billions of
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
years.
|\
(c) by which all present-day cells arose from 4-5 different
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ancestral cells. |\
(d) that requires hundreds of thousands of years. - CORRECT
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ANSWERS ✔✔(a) that can be understood based on the principles
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
of mutation and selection.
|\ |\ |\
Select the option that correctly finishes the following statement:
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
"A cell's genome _________________."
|\ |\ |\ |\
(a) is defined as all the genes being used to make protein.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
(b) contains all of a cell's DNA.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
(c) constantly changes, depending upon the cell's environment.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
(d) is altered during embryonic development. - CORRECT
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ANSWERS ✔✔(b) contains all of a cell's DNA. |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Which statement is NOT true about the events/conclusions from
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
studies during the mid-1800s surrounding the discovery of cells?
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
(a) Cells came to be known as the smallest universal building
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
block of living organisms.
|\ |\ |\
, (b) Scientists came to the conclusion that new cells can form
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
spontaneously from the remnants of ruptured cells. |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
(c) Light microscopy was essential in demonstrating the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
commonalities between plant and animal tissues. |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
(d) New cells arise from the growth and division of previously
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
existing cells. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔(b) Scientists came to the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
conclusion that new cells can form spontaneously from the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
remnants of ruptured cells. |\ |\ |\
What unit of length would you generally use to measure a typical
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
plant or animal cell?
|\ |\ |\ |\
(a) centimeters
|\
(b) nanometers
|\
(c) millimeters
|\
(d) micrometers - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔(d) micrometers
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Cell biologists employ targeted fluorescent dyes or modified
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
fluorescent proteins in both standard fluorescence microscopy
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
and confocal microscopy to observe specific details in the cell.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Even though fluorescence permits better visualization, the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
resolving power is essentially the same as that of a standard
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
light microscope because the resolving power of a microscope is
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
limited by the __________ of light.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
(a) absorption
|\
(b) intensity
|\
(c) filtering
|\
(d) wavelength - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔(d) wavelength
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
