HCR 240 Exam 3|306 Questions with Verified
Answers
Venous stasis
Venous endothelial damage
Hypercoagulable states - CORRECT ANSWER Triad of Virchow
Triad of Virchow - CORRECT ANSWER What are the 3 factors that are critically
important in the development of venous thrombosis called?
Low blood pressure that occurs upon standing up - CORRECT ANSWER orthostatic
hypotension
Elevated systolic blood pressure accompanied by normal diastolic blood pressure -
CORRECT ANSWER Isolated systolic hypertension
High blood pressure, the cause of which is unknown but thought to maybe be
genetic or environmental; also known as essential hypertension - CORRECT
ANSWER primary hypertension
Is caused by systemic disease that raises peripheral vascular resistance and/or
cardiac output - CORRECT ANSWER Secondary hypertension
Most significant factor in causing target organ damage - CORRECT ANSWER
Systolic hypertension
,Age, gender, family history - CORRECT ANSWER Non-modifiable risk factors of
hypertension
-↑Sodium (Na+) intake
-Glucose intolerance (diabetes -mellitus)/insulin resistance
-Heavy alcohol use
-Obesity
-Cigarettes
-↓Potassium (K+), magnesium (Mg++), calcium (Ca++) - CORRECT ANSWER
Modifiable risk factors of hypertension
Caused by increases in cardiac output or total peripheral resistance, or both -
CORRECT ANSWER Hypertension
Cardiac output - CORRECT ANSWER Any condition that increases heart rate or
stroke volume?
-Overactivity of the sympathetic nervous system and renin-angiotensin-
aldosterone system (RAAS), and alterations in natriuretic peptides
-Inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, obesity-related hormones, and insulin
resistance - CORRECT ANSWER Effects of primary hypertension
,Hypertrophy and hyperplasia with associated fibrosis of the tunica intima and
media in a process called vascular remodeling - CORRECT ANSWER Complicated
hypertension
-Rapidly progressive hypertension
-Diastolic pressure is usually >140 mmHg
-Can lead to encephalopathy - CORRECT ANSWER Malignant hypertension
(hypertensive crisis)
-Early stages of hypertension have no clinical manifestations other than elevated
blood pressure.
-Called the silent disease - CORRECT ANSWER Clinical manifestations of
hypertension
-Reducing or eliminating risk factors
-Dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH)
-Cessation of smoking
-Exercise program that promotes endurance and relaxation - CORRECT ANSWER
Treatment of hypertension
Decrease in the systolic and diastolic blood pressures on standing by 20 mmHg or
more and by 10 mmHg or more, respectively - CORRECT ANSWER Orthostatic
hypotension
Fainting upon standing
Treatment - CORRECT ANSWER Clinical manifestations of orthostatic hypotension
, Liberalize salt intake, raise the head of the bed, wear thigh-high stockings, expand
volume with mineralocorticoids, and administer vasoconstrictors - CORRECT
ANSWER Treatment of orthostatic hypotension
-called neurogenic (results from neurologic disorders affecting autonomic
function)
-often chronic
-seen in older adults (Parkinson disease) - CORRECT ANSWER Primary orthostatic
hypotension
acute and associated with:
-altered body chemistry
-drug action (antihypertensive or antidepressants)
-prolonged immobility caused by illness
-starvation
-physical exhaustion
-any condition producing volume depletion (massive diuresis, potassium/sodium
depletion)
-any condition resulting in venous pooling (pregnancy, extensive varicosities of
lower extremities)
-adrenal insufficiency, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, paraneoplastic
syndromes - CORRECT ANSWER Secondary orthostatic hypotension
Bolus of matter circulates in the bloodstream and then lodges, obstructing blood
flow. - CORRECT ANSWER Embolism
Answers
Venous stasis
Venous endothelial damage
Hypercoagulable states - CORRECT ANSWER Triad of Virchow
Triad of Virchow - CORRECT ANSWER What are the 3 factors that are critically
important in the development of venous thrombosis called?
Low blood pressure that occurs upon standing up - CORRECT ANSWER orthostatic
hypotension
Elevated systolic blood pressure accompanied by normal diastolic blood pressure -
CORRECT ANSWER Isolated systolic hypertension
High blood pressure, the cause of which is unknown but thought to maybe be
genetic or environmental; also known as essential hypertension - CORRECT
ANSWER primary hypertension
Is caused by systemic disease that raises peripheral vascular resistance and/or
cardiac output - CORRECT ANSWER Secondary hypertension
Most significant factor in causing target organ damage - CORRECT ANSWER
Systolic hypertension
,Age, gender, family history - CORRECT ANSWER Non-modifiable risk factors of
hypertension
-↑Sodium (Na+) intake
-Glucose intolerance (diabetes -mellitus)/insulin resistance
-Heavy alcohol use
-Obesity
-Cigarettes
-↓Potassium (K+), magnesium (Mg++), calcium (Ca++) - CORRECT ANSWER
Modifiable risk factors of hypertension
Caused by increases in cardiac output or total peripheral resistance, or both -
CORRECT ANSWER Hypertension
Cardiac output - CORRECT ANSWER Any condition that increases heart rate or
stroke volume?
-Overactivity of the sympathetic nervous system and renin-angiotensin-
aldosterone system (RAAS), and alterations in natriuretic peptides
-Inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, obesity-related hormones, and insulin
resistance - CORRECT ANSWER Effects of primary hypertension
,Hypertrophy and hyperplasia with associated fibrosis of the tunica intima and
media in a process called vascular remodeling - CORRECT ANSWER Complicated
hypertension
-Rapidly progressive hypertension
-Diastolic pressure is usually >140 mmHg
-Can lead to encephalopathy - CORRECT ANSWER Malignant hypertension
(hypertensive crisis)
-Early stages of hypertension have no clinical manifestations other than elevated
blood pressure.
-Called the silent disease - CORRECT ANSWER Clinical manifestations of
hypertension
-Reducing or eliminating risk factors
-Dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH)
-Cessation of smoking
-Exercise program that promotes endurance and relaxation - CORRECT ANSWER
Treatment of hypertension
Decrease in the systolic and diastolic blood pressures on standing by 20 mmHg or
more and by 10 mmHg or more, respectively - CORRECT ANSWER Orthostatic
hypotension
Fainting upon standing
Treatment - CORRECT ANSWER Clinical manifestations of orthostatic hypotension
, Liberalize salt intake, raise the head of the bed, wear thigh-high stockings, expand
volume with mineralocorticoids, and administer vasoconstrictors - CORRECT
ANSWER Treatment of orthostatic hypotension
-called neurogenic (results from neurologic disorders affecting autonomic
function)
-often chronic
-seen in older adults (Parkinson disease) - CORRECT ANSWER Primary orthostatic
hypotension
acute and associated with:
-altered body chemistry
-drug action (antihypertensive or antidepressants)
-prolonged immobility caused by illness
-starvation
-physical exhaustion
-any condition producing volume depletion (massive diuresis, potassium/sodium
depletion)
-any condition resulting in venous pooling (pregnancy, extensive varicosities of
lower extremities)
-adrenal insufficiency, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, paraneoplastic
syndromes - CORRECT ANSWER Secondary orthostatic hypotension
Bolus of matter circulates in the bloodstream and then lodges, obstructing blood
flow. - CORRECT ANSWER Embolism
