PSIO 305 EXAM 4 BAO QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
stressor - Answer -a physical (external), chemical (internal), or psychological (mental)
factor resulting in tension of the body or mind
goal of stress response - Answer -maintain or re-gain homeostasis
4 normal stress responses of the body - Answer -1. sympathetic activation (within 2-3
seconds)
2. activation of adrenal medulla (20-30 seconds)
3. HPA axis activation (mins, hrs, or days)
4. cortisol neg feedback suppresses stress response (return to normal state after stress)
Stress response: Sympathetic activation - Answer -- HR increase, vasoconstriction,
sodium/water retention lead to higher BP and better blood circulation
- Glycogenolysis, neoglucogenesis, lipolysis make nutrients more available
- Bronchial dilation results in more O2 intake
- Pupil dilation - more sensory info sent to brain
- Reduced digestion and bladder relaxation direct resources and attention to stressor
- Increased bloodflow to skeletal muscle - Sympathetic innervation of blood vessels of
skeletal muscle is cholinergic in animals and is mediated by E/beta2 receptors in both
animals and humans but to a lesser degree
Stress response: Adrenal medulla activation - Answer -- release Epinephrine, similar
function as Sympathetic activity
- sympathetic activity wanes quickly, E is more long lasting
Stress response: HPA axis - Answer -- Glucocorticoids : breaking down proteins, fatty
acids, and glycogen; gluconeogenesis; vasoconstriction; immunosuppression
- Minerolocorticoids : sodium/water retention to increase blood volume/pressure
continue to support fight or flight
Stress response : Cortisol neg feedback to suppress response - Answer -return to
normal state after stress
HPA axis not meant to sustain the response
Defining symptoms of PTSD - Answer -1. Intrusive memories - recurrent, unwanted
memories of traumatic event, nightmares, etc
2. Avoidance - avoiding thinking/talking about the event, avoiding reminders of it
3. Cognitive and mood disorder - negative thoughts about self, other people and world,
memory problems, lack of interest, detached, etc
stressor - Answer -a physical (external), chemical (internal), or psychological (mental)
factor resulting in tension of the body or mind
goal of stress response - Answer -maintain or re-gain homeostasis
4 normal stress responses of the body - Answer -1. sympathetic activation (within 2-3
seconds)
2. activation of adrenal medulla (20-30 seconds)
3. HPA axis activation (mins, hrs, or days)
4. cortisol neg feedback suppresses stress response (return to normal state after stress)
Stress response: Sympathetic activation - Answer -- HR increase, vasoconstriction,
sodium/water retention lead to higher BP and better blood circulation
- Glycogenolysis, neoglucogenesis, lipolysis make nutrients more available
- Bronchial dilation results in more O2 intake
- Pupil dilation - more sensory info sent to brain
- Reduced digestion and bladder relaxation direct resources and attention to stressor
- Increased bloodflow to skeletal muscle - Sympathetic innervation of blood vessels of
skeletal muscle is cholinergic in animals and is mediated by E/beta2 receptors in both
animals and humans but to a lesser degree
Stress response: Adrenal medulla activation - Answer -- release Epinephrine, similar
function as Sympathetic activity
- sympathetic activity wanes quickly, E is more long lasting
Stress response: HPA axis - Answer -- Glucocorticoids : breaking down proteins, fatty
acids, and glycogen; gluconeogenesis; vasoconstriction; immunosuppression
- Minerolocorticoids : sodium/water retention to increase blood volume/pressure
continue to support fight or flight
Stress response : Cortisol neg feedback to suppress response - Answer -return to
normal state after stress
HPA axis not meant to sustain the response
Defining symptoms of PTSD - Answer -1. Intrusive memories - recurrent, unwanted
memories of traumatic event, nightmares, etc
2. Avoidance - avoiding thinking/talking about the event, avoiding reminders of it
3. Cognitive and mood disorder - negative thoughts about self, other people and world,
memory problems, lack of interest, detached, etc
