PSIO 305 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
1. Why does Systemic Communication occur?
2. Involves (3):
3. Why? - Answer -1. To prompt cells, organs, and systems to DO something
2.
- Response to momentary stimulus
- Can be acute or short-term
- May be an integrated system response
3. To maintain homeostasis of Critical Physiological Processes
4. Why else is systemic communication used? (3)
--> These are generally:
Slow/Fast onset and short/long lasting - Answer -4.
- Supportive reasons (nutrition)
- Proliferation - cell growth
- Maintenance of cell and tissue function
--> Slow onset and long lasting
With Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD), bone and muscle loss grow in parallel
despite what condition? - Answer -Deficit in muscle protein, dystrophin
Ex. 3
1. Exposure to novel/enriched environment resulted (2):
2. What is the underlying mechanism? - Answer -1. Exposure to novel/enriched
environment resulted in enlargement of specific areas of cerebral cortex and changes in
dendrites
2. BDNF
*BDNF*
1. Stands for:
2. This is the main factor involved with _____
3. Increased (Aerobic/Anaerobic) exercise -> (Increased/Decreased) BDNF
--> The over-all effect of this will be - Answer -1. Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor
2. Exercise
3. Increased Aerobic -> Increased BDNF
--> Increased cognition & memory
List the 6 diseases that cause decreased BDNF
BDNF is not only made here, but ALSO where? - Answer -1. Obesity
, 2. Type 2 diabetes
3. Cardiovascular disease
4. Depression
5. Cognitive Impairment
6. Dementia
Neurons in brain, but ALSO in muscle (post-exercise)
Ex. 4 - Grasshopper
1. Aside from the muscle in the leg that is lost with leg amputation in the grasshopper,
what other effect takes place? (1)
2. What type of communication is this? - Answer -1. Considerable atrophy of the thorax
(thoracic muscles)
2. Trophic (or tropic_
*Tropic communication*
1. Its greek root "Trophikos" means
2. It promotes what 3 things?
3. Effects are (long/short) term?
4. Occur due to what type of event?
5. BUT, this is sensitive to changes in what 4 things? - Answer -1. Nutrition
2. Cell growth, differentiation, survival
3. Long term (longer lasting)
4. Robust phenomenon
5. Age, activity, pathology, nutrition
An increase in ALL of the following would suggest trophic communication or support
EXCEPT
1. # of dendrites & synaptic terminals
2. Size of primary sensory cortex area receiving input from finger
3. Rate of respiration with exercise
4. Density of glial cells in memory areas - Answer -3. Rate of respiration with exercise
In the ironman triathlon, how many kcal of energy are burned? - Answer -12,000-
14,000
What 6 main physiological challenges face an athlete competing in an ironman
triathlon? - Answer -1. Confusion
2. Dehydration
3. Endurance
4. Fatigue
1. Why does Systemic Communication occur?
2. Involves (3):
3. Why? - Answer -1. To prompt cells, organs, and systems to DO something
2.
- Response to momentary stimulus
- Can be acute or short-term
- May be an integrated system response
3. To maintain homeostasis of Critical Physiological Processes
4. Why else is systemic communication used? (3)
--> These are generally:
Slow/Fast onset and short/long lasting - Answer -4.
- Supportive reasons (nutrition)
- Proliferation - cell growth
- Maintenance of cell and tissue function
--> Slow onset and long lasting
With Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD), bone and muscle loss grow in parallel
despite what condition? - Answer -Deficit in muscle protein, dystrophin
Ex. 3
1. Exposure to novel/enriched environment resulted (2):
2. What is the underlying mechanism? - Answer -1. Exposure to novel/enriched
environment resulted in enlargement of specific areas of cerebral cortex and changes in
dendrites
2. BDNF
*BDNF*
1. Stands for:
2. This is the main factor involved with _____
3. Increased (Aerobic/Anaerobic) exercise -> (Increased/Decreased) BDNF
--> The over-all effect of this will be - Answer -1. Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor
2. Exercise
3. Increased Aerobic -> Increased BDNF
--> Increased cognition & memory
List the 6 diseases that cause decreased BDNF
BDNF is not only made here, but ALSO where? - Answer -1. Obesity
, 2. Type 2 diabetes
3. Cardiovascular disease
4. Depression
5. Cognitive Impairment
6. Dementia
Neurons in brain, but ALSO in muscle (post-exercise)
Ex. 4 - Grasshopper
1. Aside from the muscle in the leg that is lost with leg amputation in the grasshopper,
what other effect takes place? (1)
2. What type of communication is this? - Answer -1. Considerable atrophy of the thorax
(thoracic muscles)
2. Trophic (or tropic_
*Tropic communication*
1. Its greek root "Trophikos" means
2. It promotes what 3 things?
3. Effects are (long/short) term?
4. Occur due to what type of event?
5. BUT, this is sensitive to changes in what 4 things? - Answer -1. Nutrition
2. Cell growth, differentiation, survival
3. Long term (longer lasting)
4. Robust phenomenon
5. Age, activity, pathology, nutrition
An increase in ALL of the following would suggest trophic communication or support
EXCEPT
1. # of dendrites & synaptic terminals
2. Size of primary sensory cortex area receiving input from finger
3. Rate of respiration with exercise
4. Density of glial cells in memory areas - Answer -3. Rate of respiration with exercise
In the ironman triathlon, how many kcal of energy are burned? - Answer -12,000-
14,000
What 6 main physiological challenges face an athlete competing in an ironman
triathlon? - Answer -1. Confusion
2. Dehydration
3. Endurance
4. Fatigue
