K101 Final Exam Study Guide, SP21. 208 Questions, you supply the answers!
Your Final Exam (140 points) will consist of 90 questions directly as written
from this study guide (ie: This IS your final). 50 questions are 2 points each; 40
questions are 1 point each = 140 points. Feel free to work in teams to
determine the correct answers; don’t trust answers from unknown sources!
Unit 1: The Chemistry of Life —> Ch. 4 – Organic Molecules
1. In a single molecule of water, the two hydrogen atoms are bonded to a single oxygen atom by a. polar
covalent bonds.
b. ionic bonds.
c. hydrogen bonds.
d. nonpolar covalent bonds.
2. Stanley Miller's 1953 experiments demonstrated conclusively that
a. life arose on Earth from simple organic molecules, with energy from lightning and volcanoes.
b. the conditions on early Earth were conducive to the origin of life.
c. life arose on Earth 3.8 billion years ago from simple inorganic molecules.
d. organic molecules can be synthesized abiotically under conditions that may have existed on early
Earth.
e. the conditions on early Earth were conducive to the abiotic synthesis of organic molecules.
3. What do the four ‘elements of life’ -carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen-have in common? a. They
are equal in electronegativity
b. They are elements produced only by living cells
c. They all have the same number of valence electrons
d. Each element exists in only one isotopic form
e. They all have unpaired electrons in their valence shells.
4. Using the functional group diagram at right answer A – E which
of the following is incorrectly matched?: a. A = amino group
b. B = thiol group
c. C = carbonyl (aldehyde)
d. D= organic phosphate
e. E= carboxyl group
5. Water is able to form hydrogen bonds because
a. the oxygen atom in a water molecule has a weak positive charge.
b. each of the hydrogen atoms in a water molecule is weakly negative in charge.
c. oxygen has a valence of 2.
d. the water molecule is shaped like a tetrahedron.
e. the bonds that hold together the atoms in a water molecule are polar
covalent bonds.
6. Which functional group shown at right is:
i) is an acidic functional group that can release H+ into a solution?
1
, ii) a basic functional group that can accept H+? iii) can exist as a ketone or aldehyde configuration? iv)
a characteristic of alcohols?
v) helps stabilize proteins by forming covalent cross-links within or between protein molecules?
Ch. 5 – Macromolecules
7. Which modifications of fatty acids will best keep triglycerides solid at warmer temperatures?
a. adding hydrogens and trans double bonds to the fatty acids
b. adding cis double bonds and trans double bonds to the fatty acids
c. creating cis double bonds to the fatty acids
d. adding hydrogens to the fatty acids
e. creating trans double bonds to the fatty acids
2
8. A comparison of saturated and naturally occurring unsaturated fats reveals that the unsaturated fats are
__________ at room temperature and have _______: a. Solids; cis double bonds
b. Liquids; trans double bonds
c. Liquids; single bonds
d. Liquids; cis double bonds
e. Solids; single bonds
9. A molecule with four joined rings that is the precursor of vertebrate sex hormones (See Box 4.in figure
below) and is also found in the vertebrate phospholipid bilayer is:
a. estrogen
b. testosterone
c. glycerol
d. cholesterol
e. a phospholipid
10. A molecule with the formula C18H36O2 is probably a __, where one with the formula C6H12O6 is probably a
___ a. carbohydrate and fatty acid, respectively
b. fatty acid and monosaccharide, respectively
c. protein and monosaccharide, respectively.
d. nucleic acid and fatty acid, respectively.
e. fatty acid and nucleotide, respectively
11. Match the molecules shown below and to the right
a. cholesterol.
b. dipeptide.
c. saturated fatty acid.
d. polyunsaturated fatty acid.
e. glucose. 1.
2.
3.
, 4. 5.
12. Which of the following statements is/are true regarding chemical reaction (5) illustrated above? a. It is a
hydrolysis reaction.
b. It results in a peptide bond.
c. It joins two fatty acids together.
d. It is a hydrolysis reaction and it results in a peptide bond.
e. It is a hydrolysis reaction, it results in a peptide bond, and it joins two fatty acids together.
13. A bond that forms by joining monomers (such as nucleotides or amino acids) into polymers (such as DNA
or insulin) is a(n):
a. Hydrogen bond
b. Ionic bond
c. Peptide bond
d. Covalent bond
3
, 14. Polysaccharides, triacylglycerides, and proteins are similar in that they
a. are synthesized from monomers by the process of hydrolysis.
b. are decomposed into their subunits by dehydration reactions.
c. all contain nitrogen in their monomer building blocks.
d. are synthesized from subunits by dehydration reactions.
e. are synthesized as a result of peptide bond formation between monomers.
Unit 2: The Cell —> Chapters 6-10, Cells through Photosynthesis
Ch. 6 – 7 Cells & Membranes
15. Match the following parts of the cell to its function
i) Nucleus a. Sorting of proteins targeted for extracellular secretion
ii) Mitochondria b. Site of cell-cell adhesion and cell recognition
iii) Nucleolis c. Site of transcription of mRNA and tRNA for protein synthesis
iv) Rough ER d. Synthesis of the steroid hormone testosterone
v) Golgi apparatus e. Synthesis of ATP via oxidative phosphorylation
vi) Lysosome f. Site of rRNA for protein synthesis
vii) Smooth ER g. Intercellular digestion
viii)Extracellular Matrix h. Synthesis of the insulin receptor, a transmembrane glycoprotein
16. Proteins that are manufactured for secretion (export from the cell):
a. are made in the cytosol and transported across the ER membrane
b. are threaded through special pores in the plasma membrane
c. are made in the smooth ER and packaged in transport vesicles
d. have carbohydrates covalently added when the proteins are in transport vesicles F
e. are made in the rough ER and packaged in transport vesicles
17. Mammalian blood contains the equivalent of 0.15 M NaCl. Seawater contains the equivalent of 0.45 D M
NaCl.
E
What will happen if red blood cells are transferred to seawater?
a. The blood cells will take up water, swell, and eventually burst.
b. NaCl will passively diffuse into the red blood cells.
c. Water will leave the cells, causing them to shrivel and collapse.
d. NaCl will be exported from the red blood cells by
facilitated diffusion.
e. The blood cells will expend ATP for active transport
of NaCl into the cytoplasm.
18. All of the following are functions of integral
membrane proteins except
a. Synthesis of hormones.
b. Active transport of ions.
c. Cell – cell adhesion.
d. Reception of hormone signals like epinephrine.
e. Attachment to the extracellular membrane.
19. Match the components of the plasma membrane with
the letters in the figure at right. a. Cholesterol -
b. Glycolipid -
c. Integral Membrane Protein -
4
Your Final Exam (140 points) will consist of 90 questions directly as written
from this study guide (ie: This IS your final). 50 questions are 2 points each; 40
questions are 1 point each = 140 points. Feel free to work in teams to
determine the correct answers; don’t trust answers from unknown sources!
Unit 1: The Chemistry of Life —> Ch. 4 – Organic Molecules
1. In a single molecule of water, the two hydrogen atoms are bonded to a single oxygen atom by a. polar
covalent bonds.
b. ionic bonds.
c. hydrogen bonds.
d. nonpolar covalent bonds.
2. Stanley Miller's 1953 experiments demonstrated conclusively that
a. life arose on Earth from simple organic molecules, with energy from lightning and volcanoes.
b. the conditions on early Earth were conducive to the origin of life.
c. life arose on Earth 3.8 billion years ago from simple inorganic molecules.
d. organic molecules can be synthesized abiotically under conditions that may have existed on early
Earth.
e. the conditions on early Earth were conducive to the abiotic synthesis of organic molecules.
3. What do the four ‘elements of life’ -carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen-have in common? a. They
are equal in electronegativity
b. They are elements produced only by living cells
c. They all have the same number of valence electrons
d. Each element exists in only one isotopic form
e. They all have unpaired electrons in their valence shells.
4. Using the functional group diagram at right answer A – E which
of the following is incorrectly matched?: a. A = amino group
b. B = thiol group
c. C = carbonyl (aldehyde)
d. D= organic phosphate
e. E= carboxyl group
5. Water is able to form hydrogen bonds because
a. the oxygen atom in a water molecule has a weak positive charge.
b. each of the hydrogen atoms in a water molecule is weakly negative in charge.
c. oxygen has a valence of 2.
d. the water molecule is shaped like a tetrahedron.
e. the bonds that hold together the atoms in a water molecule are polar
covalent bonds.
6. Which functional group shown at right is:
i) is an acidic functional group that can release H+ into a solution?
1
, ii) a basic functional group that can accept H+? iii) can exist as a ketone or aldehyde configuration? iv)
a characteristic of alcohols?
v) helps stabilize proteins by forming covalent cross-links within or between protein molecules?
Ch. 5 – Macromolecules
7. Which modifications of fatty acids will best keep triglycerides solid at warmer temperatures?
a. adding hydrogens and trans double bonds to the fatty acids
b. adding cis double bonds and trans double bonds to the fatty acids
c. creating cis double bonds to the fatty acids
d. adding hydrogens to the fatty acids
e. creating trans double bonds to the fatty acids
2
8. A comparison of saturated and naturally occurring unsaturated fats reveals that the unsaturated fats are
__________ at room temperature and have _______: a. Solids; cis double bonds
b. Liquids; trans double bonds
c. Liquids; single bonds
d. Liquids; cis double bonds
e. Solids; single bonds
9. A molecule with four joined rings that is the precursor of vertebrate sex hormones (See Box 4.in figure
below) and is also found in the vertebrate phospholipid bilayer is:
a. estrogen
b. testosterone
c. glycerol
d. cholesterol
e. a phospholipid
10. A molecule with the formula C18H36O2 is probably a __, where one with the formula C6H12O6 is probably a
___ a. carbohydrate and fatty acid, respectively
b. fatty acid and monosaccharide, respectively
c. protein and monosaccharide, respectively.
d. nucleic acid and fatty acid, respectively.
e. fatty acid and nucleotide, respectively
11. Match the molecules shown below and to the right
a. cholesterol.
b. dipeptide.
c. saturated fatty acid.
d. polyunsaturated fatty acid.
e. glucose. 1.
2.
3.
, 4. 5.
12. Which of the following statements is/are true regarding chemical reaction (5) illustrated above? a. It is a
hydrolysis reaction.
b. It results in a peptide bond.
c. It joins two fatty acids together.
d. It is a hydrolysis reaction and it results in a peptide bond.
e. It is a hydrolysis reaction, it results in a peptide bond, and it joins two fatty acids together.
13. A bond that forms by joining monomers (such as nucleotides or amino acids) into polymers (such as DNA
or insulin) is a(n):
a. Hydrogen bond
b. Ionic bond
c. Peptide bond
d. Covalent bond
3
, 14. Polysaccharides, triacylglycerides, and proteins are similar in that they
a. are synthesized from monomers by the process of hydrolysis.
b. are decomposed into their subunits by dehydration reactions.
c. all contain nitrogen in their monomer building blocks.
d. are synthesized from subunits by dehydration reactions.
e. are synthesized as a result of peptide bond formation between monomers.
Unit 2: The Cell —> Chapters 6-10, Cells through Photosynthesis
Ch. 6 – 7 Cells & Membranes
15. Match the following parts of the cell to its function
i) Nucleus a. Sorting of proteins targeted for extracellular secretion
ii) Mitochondria b. Site of cell-cell adhesion and cell recognition
iii) Nucleolis c. Site of transcription of mRNA and tRNA for protein synthesis
iv) Rough ER d. Synthesis of the steroid hormone testosterone
v) Golgi apparatus e. Synthesis of ATP via oxidative phosphorylation
vi) Lysosome f. Site of rRNA for protein synthesis
vii) Smooth ER g. Intercellular digestion
viii)Extracellular Matrix h. Synthesis of the insulin receptor, a transmembrane glycoprotein
16. Proteins that are manufactured for secretion (export from the cell):
a. are made in the cytosol and transported across the ER membrane
b. are threaded through special pores in the plasma membrane
c. are made in the smooth ER and packaged in transport vesicles
d. have carbohydrates covalently added when the proteins are in transport vesicles F
e. are made in the rough ER and packaged in transport vesicles
17. Mammalian blood contains the equivalent of 0.15 M NaCl. Seawater contains the equivalent of 0.45 D M
NaCl.
E
What will happen if red blood cells are transferred to seawater?
a. The blood cells will take up water, swell, and eventually burst.
b. NaCl will passively diffuse into the red blood cells.
c. Water will leave the cells, causing them to shrivel and collapse.
d. NaCl will be exported from the red blood cells by
facilitated diffusion.
e. The blood cells will expend ATP for active transport
of NaCl into the cytoplasm.
18. All of the following are functions of integral
membrane proteins except
a. Synthesis of hormones.
b. Active transport of ions.
c. Cell – cell adhesion.
d. Reception of hormone signals like epinephrine.
e. Attachment to the extracellular membrane.
19. Match the components of the plasma membrane with
the letters in the figure at right. a. Cholesterol -
b. Glycolipid -
c. Integral Membrane Protein -
4
