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NUR 651 Final Exam (100+ Questions) – Diabetes, Cardiology, Endocrine, GERD, Asthma & Pharmacology | 2025/2026 | Bradley University

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Description: This extensive and clinically-focused final exam guide for NUR 651 at Bradley University includes over 100 multiple-choice questions with 100% accurate answers. Aligned with the 2025/2026 academic year, this resource comprehensively covers complex pharmacological and pathophysiological topics relevant to advanced nurse practitioner education. Each question reflects real-life clinical reasoning and evidence-based practice, making it an ideal review tool for exams and board preparation. Covered topics include: Cardiovascular pharmacology: ACE inhibitors, ARBs, beta blockers, statins, and heart failure treatment strategies Diabetes management: insulin regimens, oral hypoglycemics (metformin, sulfonylureas, SGLT2, DPP-4 inhibitors), and LADA Endocrine disorders: hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, levothyroxine dosing, pregnancy adjustments, and thyroid labs Gastrointestinal care: GERD, H. pylori eradication therapy, PUD management, antacid pharmacology, and diet education Respiratory conditions: asthma classification, stepwise management, COPD mechanisms, and pharmacologic interventions Rheumatology and bone health: RA pharmacology (DMARDs, steroids), osteoporosis prevention, calcium and PTH analogs Infectious disease and immunology: UTI treatment, leukocyte esterase interpretation, community-acquired pneumonia Core pharmacology principles: protein-binding, CYP450 enzymes, prodrugs, pharmacokinetics, drug safety in pregnancy This document is an essential study aid for students enrolled in: Family Nurse Practitioner (FNP) programs Adult-Gerontology Primary Care Nurse Practitioner (AGPCNP) tracks Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) and MSN clinical pharmacology courses Physician Assistant (PA) or advanced clinical programs preparing for certification exams Ideal for topics such as: Advanced Clinical Pharmacology Adult Primary Care Management Endocrine and Cardiovascular Disease Management Respiratory and GI Disorders in Primary Care Keywords: NUR 651, Boston University, insulin regimens, antihypertensive drugs, statin therapy, GERD treatment, asthma step therapy, PUD eradication, thyroid hormone replacement, metformin contraindications, ACEI side effects, COPD pathophysiology, SGLT2 inhibitors, RA treatment, prodrugs and CYP450

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NUR651 Final 2025/2026 Exam
Questions with 100% Correct Answers |
Latest Update



The action of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs),

angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), and direct renin inhibitors on the

renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAA) system lowers blood pressure and

reduces the adverse effects of which disease on the kidney? - 🧠 ANSWER

✔✔Diabetes


Which factor can lead to increased serum digoxin levels? - 🧠 ANSWER

✔✔Taking antibiotics to treat an infection


A patient presents to the clinic for follow-up on hypertension. He states that

he has noticed a dry "hacking" cough since he started lisinopril 4 weeks

ago. He denies other respiratory or cardiovascular symptoms. Which action

,taken by the APN is most appropriate? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Stop the lisinopril

and start losartan.

Which finding illustrates the concept of remodeling in response to cardiac

damage? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Thickening of the myocardium


An adult patient with diabetes is being treated for hypertension (HTN).

Which medication may require adjustment by the APN? - 🧠 ANSWER

✔✔HCTZ


An elderly patient being treated for chronic heart failure (CHF) has been

placed on a multidrug combination treatment plan, furosemide and

lisinopril. Which test should the APN monitor? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Serum

creatinine level

Based on current evidence-based practice (EBP) findings, which

component is more relevant to assigning risk for the development of

cardiovascular disease (CVD)? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔HDL


Which medication would the APN order for an adult patient who has a

triglyceride level (TG) of 600 mg/dL? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Fibric acid derivative


The APN is reviewing the lab results for a clean-catch urine for an adult

patient who has a suspected urinary tract infection (UTI). Which finding

, would alert the APN to the presence of a UTI? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Leukocyte

esterase

Which physiological effect do nitrates have on cardiac function? - 🧠

ANSWER ✔✔Increase transport of oxygen.


The patient is an older adult who has a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes

mellitus and hypertension. The APN is prescribing her a beta blocker today.

The APN should teach her that which symptom is an indication of

hypoglycemia that is not masked by beta blockers? - 🧠 ANSWER

✔✔Diaphoresis


Which medication regimen should the APN consider for a patient who has

had a myocardial infarction (MI)? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Lisinopril, metoprolol,

clopidogrel, and atorvastatin calcium

Which drug blocks synthesis of cholesterol in the liver by competitively

inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase activity and induces an increase in high-

affinity low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors, resulting in an increased

catabolism of LDL and an increase in the liver's extraction of LDL

precursors? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Fluvastatin (Lescol)




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