WGU D115 OBJECTIVE COMPREHENSIVE EXAM
2026 QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS 100%
CORRECT
◉ What is the second line of defense and the process? Answer:
Inflammatory response- rapid and nonspecific, protective response to
cellular injury from any cause. It can occur only in vascularized tissue.
◉ How do acute and chronic inflammation differ? Answer: Acute-
Short duration, 8-10 days from onset to healing. The three systemic
changes associated with the acute inflammatory response are fever,
leukocytosis, and plasma protein synthesis. Chronic inflammation- can
be a continuation of acute inflammation that last 2 weeks or longer. It
can also occur as a distinct process without much preceding acute
inflammation.
◉ What are the phases of wound healing and the process that takes place
during each? Answer: Phase 1- Inflammation- includes coagulation
and the infiltration of cells that participate in wound healing, including
platelets, neutrophils, and macrophages. Phase 2- Proliferation and New
Tissue Formation (Reconstruction)- wound begins to heal. This stage
begins 3-4 days after injury and continues for as long as 2 weeks. Phase
3- Remodeling and Maturation- phase for recovering normal tissue
structure that can persist for years
, ◉ How does the inflammatory response differ in neonates? Answer:
Neonates often have transiently depressed inflammatory function,
particularly neutrophil chemotaxis and alternative complement activity.
◉ How and why does aging affect innate immunity? Answer: Aging
alters the tissue microenvironment and macrophage function with
changes in wound healing neoangiogenesis and fibrosis.
◉ What is the third line of defense and the process that takes place?
Answer: Adaptive immunity (immune response or immunity)- the third
line of defense in the human body. Consists of lymphocytes and serum
proteins called antibodies. - Secondary responder-augments the initial
defenses against infection and provides long term security against re-
infection. - B cells- humeral can kill free floating pathogens - T cells-
cell - mediated- can kill pathogens hiding inside cells.
◉ How and why does the neonate have a poorly developed immune
response? Answer: The human neonate has a poorly developed
immune response, particularly in the production of IgG. The fetus and
neonate are protected in utero and during the first few post-natal months
by maternal antibody that was actively transported across the placenta.
◉ What terms are collectively known as hypersensitivity reactions?
Answer: Allergy, autoimmunity, and alloimmunity are collectively
known as hypersensitivity reactions. Hypersensitivity Response I - IgE
mediated- primary cause of common allergies. Binds with mast cells
which release histamine. (initiates allergic reaction). Histamine release
2026 QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS 100%
CORRECT
◉ What is the second line of defense and the process? Answer:
Inflammatory response- rapid and nonspecific, protective response to
cellular injury from any cause. It can occur only in vascularized tissue.
◉ How do acute and chronic inflammation differ? Answer: Acute-
Short duration, 8-10 days from onset to healing. The three systemic
changes associated with the acute inflammatory response are fever,
leukocytosis, and plasma protein synthesis. Chronic inflammation- can
be a continuation of acute inflammation that last 2 weeks or longer. It
can also occur as a distinct process without much preceding acute
inflammation.
◉ What are the phases of wound healing and the process that takes place
during each? Answer: Phase 1- Inflammation- includes coagulation
and the infiltration of cells that participate in wound healing, including
platelets, neutrophils, and macrophages. Phase 2- Proliferation and New
Tissue Formation (Reconstruction)- wound begins to heal. This stage
begins 3-4 days after injury and continues for as long as 2 weeks. Phase
3- Remodeling and Maturation- phase for recovering normal tissue
structure that can persist for years
, ◉ How does the inflammatory response differ in neonates? Answer:
Neonates often have transiently depressed inflammatory function,
particularly neutrophil chemotaxis and alternative complement activity.
◉ How and why does aging affect innate immunity? Answer: Aging
alters the tissue microenvironment and macrophage function with
changes in wound healing neoangiogenesis and fibrosis.
◉ What is the third line of defense and the process that takes place?
Answer: Adaptive immunity (immune response or immunity)- the third
line of defense in the human body. Consists of lymphocytes and serum
proteins called antibodies. - Secondary responder-augments the initial
defenses against infection and provides long term security against re-
infection. - B cells- humeral can kill free floating pathogens - T cells-
cell - mediated- can kill pathogens hiding inside cells.
◉ How and why does the neonate have a poorly developed immune
response? Answer: The human neonate has a poorly developed
immune response, particularly in the production of IgG. The fetus and
neonate are protected in utero and during the first few post-natal months
by maternal antibody that was actively transported across the placenta.
◉ What terms are collectively known as hypersensitivity reactions?
Answer: Allergy, autoimmunity, and alloimmunity are collectively
known as hypersensitivity reactions. Hypersensitivity Response I - IgE
mediated- primary cause of common allergies. Binds with mast cells
which release histamine. (initiates allergic reaction). Histamine release
