IB SEHS STUDY GUIDE COMPREHENSIVE
REVIEW WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS AND
SCENARIOS
⩥ Evaluate the concept of the psychological refractory period (PRP).
Answer: The period of time during which the response to a second
stimulus is significantly slowed because a first stimulus is still being
processed.
The processing of s2 cannot take place until processing of s1 is
complete.
⩥ Hick's Law. Answer: as you double the number of stimulus-response
couplings there is a linear increase in response time
⩥ Response Time =. Answer: Reaction Time + Movement Time
⩥ Response Time. Answer: the time from the introduction of a stimulus
to the completion of the action required to deal with the situation
⩥ Reaction time. Answer: time elapsed for the onset of a stimulus to the
start of the response
⩥ Movement time:. Answer: time it takes to carry out the motor aspect
of the performance
,⩥ Compare different methods of memory improvement.. Answer:
Rehearsal: the more a memory is rehearsed, the more likely it is that it
will be remembered.
Coding: crucial first step to creating a new memory. It allows the
received item of interest to be converted into a construct that can be
stored and then recalled later from short-term or long-term memory
Brevity: the quicker a process is learned, the more likely it is to be
remembered.
Clarity: initially you don't always know what to respond to; the
coach/teacher can begin with simple approach and build on the
information; help you focus.
Chunking: pieces of information are grouped together then remembered
as one piece of information.
⩥ Discuss the relationship between selective attention and memory..
Answer: Selective attention (SA) operated in the short-term sensory
store (STSS). Only the relevant information is passed to the short-term
memory (STM) where it is held for several seconds. SA ensures that
information overload does not occur and prevents confusion, as the brain
would not be able to cope with streams of information. A filtering
mechanism operates, which separates the relevant information so that
athletes concentrate on one cue or stimulus (for example, the ball,
position of player in a game of tennis) to the exclusion of others. SA is
very important when accuracy or fast responses are required and can be
improved by learning through past experiences and interaction with
long-term memory.
,⩥ Selective attention. Answer: the individual focusing on relevant
information while ignoring irrelevant information. Unselected stimuli
are filtered out but selected stimuli are compared to information stored
in LTM. This allows us to make decisions on what action to take.
⩥ Outline the components associated with sensory input.. Answer:
Exteroceptors: provide information from outside the body. The main
Exteroceptors involved in sensation with regard to sport are vision and
audition.
Proprioceptors: Proprioception means "sense of self". In the limbs, the
proprioceptors are sensors that provide information about joint angle,
muscle length, and muscle tension, which is integrated to give
information about the position of the limb in space.
Interceptors: provide information from within the body, information
about body position, and the position of limbs. The main interceptors
involved in sport are the vestibular apparatus, which provided the
information about balance; and joint receptors, muscle spindles, and
Golgi tendon organs, which provide information about limb positions.
Receptors sensing blood pressure, plasma osmolality, blood glucose
concentration or the degree of stretching of the urinary bladder.
⩥ Describe Welford's model of information processing.. Answer: -Take
in information through our senses and temporarily store all of these
inputs prior to sorting them out
• The inputs that are seen as relevant to the decision are then stored in
the short-term memory
, • A decision is made by comparing the information in the short-term
memory with previous experiences stored in the long-term memory
• With reference to the long term memory for the required action the
decision is carried out
• The action and the results are stored for future reference
• The whole process then begins again
⩥ Describe a simple model of information processing.. Answer:
Information processing is the system by which we take information from
our surrounding environment, use it to make a decision and then produce
a response: input-decision-making-output.
All the approaches are only models. Input and output are
assessable/observable, but the decision-making process can only be
speculation.
(Input -> Decision Making -> Output)
⩥ Define the term Technique.. Answer: a "way of doing". In the
performance of a specific sport skill it is defined as the "way in which
that sport skill is performed.
⩥ Distinguish between Fleishman's physical proficiency abilities
(physical factors) and perceptual motor abilities (psychomotor factors)..
Answer: Perceptual-Motor Abilities
- Multi-limb coordination
- Arm-hand steadiness
REVIEW WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS AND
SCENARIOS
⩥ Evaluate the concept of the psychological refractory period (PRP).
Answer: The period of time during which the response to a second
stimulus is significantly slowed because a first stimulus is still being
processed.
The processing of s2 cannot take place until processing of s1 is
complete.
⩥ Hick's Law. Answer: as you double the number of stimulus-response
couplings there is a linear increase in response time
⩥ Response Time =. Answer: Reaction Time + Movement Time
⩥ Response Time. Answer: the time from the introduction of a stimulus
to the completion of the action required to deal with the situation
⩥ Reaction time. Answer: time elapsed for the onset of a stimulus to the
start of the response
⩥ Movement time:. Answer: time it takes to carry out the motor aspect
of the performance
,⩥ Compare different methods of memory improvement.. Answer:
Rehearsal: the more a memory is rehearsed, the more likely it is that it
will be remembered.
Coding: crucial first step to creating a new memory. It allows the
received item of interest to be converted into a construct that can be
stored and then recalled later from short-term or long-term memory
Brevity: the quicker a process is learned, the more likely it is to be
remembered.
Clarity: initially you don't always know what to respond to; the
coach/teacher can begin with simple approach and build on the
information; help you focus.
Chunking: pieces of information are grouped together then remembered
as one piece of information.
⩥ Discuss the relationship between selective attention and memory..
Answer: Selective attention (SA) operated in the short-term sensory
store (STSS). Only the relevant information is passed to the short-term
memory (STM) where it is held for several seconds. SA ensures that
information overload does not occur and prevents confusion, as the brain
would not be able to cope with streams of information. A filtering
mechanism operates, which separates the relevant information so that
athletes concentrate on one cue or stimulus (for example, the ball,
position of player in a game of tennis) to the exclusion of others. SA is
very important when accuracy or fast responses are required and can be
improved by learning through past experiences and interaction with
long-term memory.
,⩥ Selective attention. Answer: the individual focusing on relevant
information while ignoring irrelevant information. Unselected stimuli
are filtered out but selected stimuli are compared to information stored
in LTM. This allows us to make decisions on what action to take.
⩥ Outline the components associated with sensory input.. Answer:
Exteroceptors: provide information from outside the body. The main
Exteroceptors involved in sensation with regard to sport are vision and
audition.
Proprioceptors: Proprioception means "sense of self". In the limbs, the
proprioceptors are sensors that provide information about joint angle,
muscle length, and muscle tension, which is integrated to give
information about the position of the limb in space.
Interceptors: provide information from within the body, information
about body position, and the position of limbs. The main interceptors
involved in sport are the vestibular apparatus, which provided the
information about balance; and joint receptors, muscle spindles, and
Golgi tendon organs, which provide information about limb positions.
Receptors sensing blood pressure, plasma osmolality, blood glucose
concentration or the degree of stretching of the urinary bladder.
⩥ Describe Welford's model of information processing.. Answer: -Take
in information through our senses and temporarily store all of these
inputs prior to sorting them out
• The inputs that are seen as relevant to the decision are then stored in
the short-term memory
, • A decision is made by comparing the information in the short-term
memory with previous experiences stored in the long-term memory
• With reference to the long term memory for the required action the
decision is carried out
• The action and the results are stored for future reference
• The whole process then begins again
⩥ Describe a simple model of information processing.. Answer:
Information processing is the system by which we take information from
our surrounding environment, use it to make a decision and then produce
a response: input-decision-making-output.
All the approaches are only models. Input and output are
assessable/observable, but the decision-making process can only be
speculation.
(Input -> Decision Making -> Output)
⩥ Define the term Technique.. Answer: a "way of doing". In the
performance of a specific sport skill it is defined as the "way in which
that sport skill is performed.
⩥ Distinguish between Fleishman's physical proficiency abilities
(physical factors) and perceptual motor abilities (psychomotor factors)..
Answer: Perceptual-Motor Abilities
- Multi-limb coordination
- Arm-hand steadiness
