IB SEHS EXAMPREP 2026 ELITE REVIEW
WITH PAPER 1 AND 2 COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
⩥ Appendicular. Answer: Holds and supports limbs of the body. It
includes the arms, legs, hands, feet, knees, clavicle, scapula, and pelvis.
⩥ What are the four types of bone?. Answer: Irregular, flat, long, and
short.
⩥ What is an example of an irregular bone?. Answer: The vertebra.
⩥ What is an example of a flat bone?. Answer: The sternum.
⩥ What is an example of a long bone?. Answer: The humerus.
⩥ What is an example of a short bone?. Answer: The talus (heel of foot).
⩥ Draw and annotate the structure of a long bone.. Answer: -
⩥ What is the periosteum?. Answer: A dense layer of vascular tissue
enveloping bones.
,⩥ What is a spongy bone?. Answer: It's found at the end of the bone and
provides structural support and facilitates movement of the joints and
limbs.
⩥ What is the articular cartilage?. Answer: It is smooth, white tissue
with a function of giving lubricated surface for low friction.
⩥ What is the diaphysis?. Answer: It is the main part of the bone.
⩥ What is the epiphysis?. Answer: It grows separately from the shaft.
⩥ What is bone marrow?. Answer: It is a soft, fatty substance found in
cavities of the bone.
⩥ What is marrow cavity?. Answer: It is where red/yellow bone marrow
is stored.
⩥ Proximal. Answer: It's the closest part of the trunk/head. Ex. your
elbow is closer to the center than the hand is.
⩥ Distal. Answer: It is the farthest end from the trunk/head. Ex. your
elbow is further away from the center than the shoulder is
,⩥ Superior. Answer: It is above or near the head. Ex. the shoulder joint
is superior to the elbow joint.
⩥ Inferior. Answer: It is towards the feet. Ex. the appendix is inferior to
the transverse colon.
⩥ Medial. Answer: It is towards the mid-line of the body. Ex. your nose
is medial to the ears.
⩥ Lateral. Answer: It is away from the mid-line of the body. Ex. your
eye is lateral to the nose.
⩥ Anterior. Answer: It is the front side of the body. Ex. your kneecap is
located on the front side of the leg.
⩥ Posterior. Answer: It is the back side of the body. Ex. the triceps are
posterior to biceps brachii.
⩥ Tendons. Answer: It connects muscles to bone.
⩥ Ligaments. Answer: It connects bone to bone to form a joint.
⩥ Cartilage. Answer: It adds protection by shock absorption.
, ⩥ Joint. Answer: A place where two bones come together.
⩥ What is a fixed joint?. Answer: It is very stable and allows no
observable movement. An example would be the pelvis and cranium.
⩥ What is a cartilaginous joint?. Answer: It allows slight movement and
it is near the ends of a bone. An example would be the manubrium and
the sternum.
⩥ What is a synovial joint?. Answer: It is the most common and allows a
lot of movement. There are six different types.
⩥ What is a synovial joint capsule?. Answer: It has an outer and inner
layer. It is filled with synovial fluid.
⩥ What is the synovial membrane?. Answer: It lines the inner surface of
capsules.
⩥ What is the synovial fluid?. Answer: It is fluid found in the cavities of
bones, it also has an egg-white consistency.
⩥ What is the bursae?. Answer: It is a fluid-filled sac.
WITH PAPER 1 AND 2 COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
⩥ Appendicular. Answer: Holds and supports limbs of the body. It
includes the arms, legs, hands, feet, knees, clavicle, scapula, and pelvis.
⩥ What are the four types of bone?. Answer: Irregular, flat, long, and
short.
⩥ What is an example of an irregular bone?. Answer: The vertebra.
⩥ What is an example of a flat bone?. Answer: The sternum.
⩥ What is an example of a long bone?. Answer: The humerus.
⩥ What is an example of a short bone?. Answer: The talus (heel of foot).
⩥ Draw and annotate the structure of a long bone.. Answer: -
⩥ What is the periosteum?. Answer: A dense layer of vascular tissue
enveloping bones.
,⩥ What is a spongy bone?. Answer: It's found at the end of the bone and
provides structural support and facilitates movement of the joints and
limbs.
⩥ What is the articular cartilage?. Answer: It is smooth, white tissue
with a function of giving lubricated surface for low friction.
⩥ What is the diaphysis?. Answer: It is the main part of the bone.
⩥ What is the epiphysis?. Answer: It grows separately from the shaft.
⩥ What is bone marrow?. Answer: It is a soft, fatty substance found in
cavities of the bone.
⩥ What is marrow cavity?. Answer: It is where red/yellow bone marrow
is stored.
⩥ Proximal. Answer: It's the closest part of the trunk/head. Ex. your
elbow is closer to the center than the hand is.
⩥ Distal. Answer: It is the farthest end from the trunk/head. Ex. your
elbow is further away from the center than the shoulder is
,⩥ Superior. Answer: It is above or near the head. Ex. the shoulder joint
is superior to the elbow joint.
⩥ Inferior. Answer: It is towards the feet. Ex. the appendix is inferior to
the transverse colon.
⩥ Medial. Answer: It is towards the mid-line of the body. Ex. your nose
is medial to the ears.
⩥ Lateral. Answer: It is away from the mid-line of the body. Ex. your
eye is lateral to the nose.
⩥ Anterior. Answer: It is the front side of the body. Ex. your kneecap is
located on the front side of the leg.
⩥ Posterior. Answer: It is the back side of the body. Ex. the triceps are
posterior to biceps brachii.
⩥ Tendons. Answer: It connects muscles to bone.
⩥ Ligaments. Answer: It connects bone to bone to form a joint.
⩥ Cartilage. Answer: It adds protection by shock absorption.
, ⩥ Joint. Answer: A place where two bones come together.
⩥ What is a fixed joint?. Answer: It is very stable and allows no
observable movement. An example would be the pelvis and cranium.
⩥ What is a cartilaginous joint?. Answer: It allows slight movement and
it is near the ends of a bone. An example would be the manubrium and
the sternum.
⩥ What is a synovial joint?. Answer: It is the most common and allows a
lot of movement. There are six different types.
⩥ What is a synovial joint capsule?. Answer: It has an outer and inner
layer. It is filled with synovial fluid.
⩥ What is the synovial membrane?. Answer: It lines the inner surface of
capsules.
⩥ What is the synovial fluid?. Answer: It is fluid found in the cavities of
bones, it also has an egg-white consistency.
⩥ What is the bursae?. Answer: It is a fluid-filled sac.
